Abstract
Under field condition, this paper studied the effects of shading on the growth, development, and grain yield of summer maize varieties ND108 and YD13. The results showed that shading decreased maize yield significantly, and the effect was differed with different shading period and intensity. With a shading intensity of 50% and 90%, the grain yield of ND108 and YD13 was decreased by 67.5% and 79.4%, and 82.9% and 86.7% when shading at flowering-maturing stage, and by 34.1% and 55.3%, and 47.2%, 65.7% when shading at joining-flowering stage, respectively. Shading at seedling-joining stage had a relatively smaller effect, with the grain yield decreased by 16.9% and 24.5%, and 18.9% and 24.3%, respectively. Shading had a larger effect on YD13 than on ND108, and the effect of shading period was larger than that of shading intensity. Under shading, the growth and development of maize was retarded, and the effect was increased with increasing shading intensity. Shading at joining-flowering stage affected spike differentiation significantly, reflecting in the marked decrease of the numbers of silks and tassels, and the effect was also larger on YD13 than on ND108. The leaf and plant growth was restrained significantly when shading at seedling stage and at flowering-maturing stage.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Shading decreased summer maize grain yield significantly in the field, with the effect depending on shading period and intensity.
- Material
- ND108 and YD13e5
- Treatment
- shadinge0
- Outcome
- maize yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Setting
- Under field conditione5
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of shading on the growth, development and grain yield of summer maize”
e0“The results showed that shading decreased maize yield significantly”
e5“Under field condition, this paper studied the effects of shading on the growth, development, and grain yield of summer maize varieties ND108 and YD13”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% shading at the flowering-maturing stage, ND108 grain yield decreased by 67.5%.
- Material
- ND108e5
- Treatment
- shading at flowering-maturing stagee2
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 67.5%e2
- Qualifier
- 50%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of shading on the growth, development and grain yield of summer maize”
e0“The results showed that shading decreased maize yield significantly”
e1“With a shading intensity of 50% and 90%”
e5“Under field condition, this paper studied the effects of shading on the growth, development, and grain yield of summer maize varieties ND108 and YD13”
e2“the grain yield of ND108 and YD13 was decreased by 67.5% and 79.4%, and 82.9% and 86.7% when shading at flowering-maturing stage”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% shading at the flowering-maturing stage, YD13 grain yield decreased by 79.4%.
- Material
- YD13e5
- Treatment
- shading at flowering-maturing stagee2
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 79.4%e2
- Qualifier
- 50%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of shading on the growth, development and grain yield of summer maize”
e0“The results showed that shading decreased maize yield significantly”
e1“With a shading intensity of 50% and 90%”
e5“Under field condition, this paper studied the effects of shading on the growth, development, and grain yield of summer maize varieties ND108 and YD13”
e2“the grain yield of ND108 and YD13 was decreased by 67.5% and 79.4%, and 82.9% and 86.7% when shading at flowering-maturing stage”
Claim · model-written summary
At 90% shading at the flowering-maturing stage, ND108 grain yield decreased by 82.9%.
- Material
- ND108e5
- Treatment
- shading at flowering-maturing stagee2
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 82.9%e2
- Qualifier
- 90%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of shading on the growth, development and grain yield of summer maize”
e0“The results showed that shading decreased maize yield significantly”
e1“With a shading intensity of 50% and 90%”
e5“Under field condition, this paper studied the effects of shading on the growth, development, and grain yield of summer maize varieties ND108 and YD13”
e2“the grain yield of ND108 and YD13 was decreased by 67.5% and 79.4%, and 82.9% and 86.7% when shading at flowering-maturing stage”
Claim · model-written summary
At 90% shading at the flowering-maturing stage, YD13 grain yield decreased by 86.7%.
- Material
- YD13e5
- Treatment
- shading at flowering-maturing stagee2
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 86.7%e2
- Qualifier
- 90%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of shading on the growth, development and grain yield of summer maize”
e0“The results showed that shading decreased maize yield significantly”
e1“With a shading intensity of 50% and 90%”
e5“Under field condition, this paper studied the effects of shading on the growth, development, and grain yield of summer maize varieties ND108 and YD13”
e2“the grain yield of ND108 and YD13 was decreased by 67.5% and 79.4%, and 82.9% and 86.7% when shading at flowering-maturing stage”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% shading at the joining-flowering stage, ND108 grain yield decreased by 34.1%.
- Material
- ND108e5
- Treatment
- shading at joining-flowering stagee3
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 34.1%e3
- Qualifier
- 50%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of shading on the growth, development and grain yield of summer maize”
e0“The results showed that shading decreased maize yield significantly”
e1“With a shading intensity of 50% and 90%”
e5“Under field condition, this paper studied the effects of shading on the growth, development, and grain yield of summer maize varieties ND108 and YD13”
e3“by 34.1% and 55.3%, and 47.2%, 65.7% when shading at joining-flowering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% shading at the joining-flowering stage, YD13 grain yield decreased by 55.3%.
- Material
- YD13e5
- Treatment
- shading at joining-flowering stagee3
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 55.3%e3
- Qualifier
- 50%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of shading on the growth, development and grain yield of summer maize”
e0“The results showed that shading decreased maize yield significantly”
e1“With a shading intensity of 50% and 90%”
e5“Under field condition, this paper studied the effects of shading on the growth, development, and grain yield of summer maize varieties ND108 and YD13”
e3“by 34.1% and 55.3%, and 47.2%, 65.7% when shading at joining-flowering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
At 90% shading at the joining-flowering stage, ND108 grain yield decreased by 47.2%.
- Material
- ND108e5
- Treatment
- shading at joining-flowering stagee3
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 47.2%e3
- Qualifier
- 90%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of shading on the growth, development and grain yield of summer maize”
e0“The results showed that shading decreased maize yield significantly”
e1“With a shading intensity of 50% and 90%”
e5“Under field condition, this paper studied the effects of shading on the growth, development, and grain yield of summer maize varieties ND108 and YD13”
e3“by 34.1% and 55.3%, and 47.2%, 65.7% when shading at joining-flowering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
At 90% shading at the joining-flowering stage, YD13 grain yield decreased by 65.7%.
- Material
- YD13e5
- Treatment
- shading at joining-flowering stagee3
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 65.7%e3
- Qualifier
- 90%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of shading on the growth, development and grain yield of summer maize”
e0“The results showed that shading decreased maize yield significantly”
e1“With a shading intensity of 50% and 90%”
e5“Under field condition, this paper studied the effects of shading on the growth, development, and grain yield of summer maize varieties ND108 and YD13”
e3“by 34.1% and 55.3%, and 47.2%, 65.7% when shading at joining-flowering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% shading at the seedling-joining stage, ND108 grain yield decreased by 16.9%.
- Material
- ND108e5
- Treatment
- Shading at seedling-joining stagee4
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 16.9%e4
- Qualifier
- 50%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of shading on the growth, development and grain yield of summer maize”
e0“The results showed that shading decreased maize yield significantly”
e1“With a shading intensity of 50% and 90%”
e5“Under field condition, this paper studied the effects of shading on the growth, development, and grain yield of summer maize varieties ND108 and YD13”
e4“Shading at seedling-joining stage had a relatively smaller effect, with the grain yield decreased by 16.9% and 24.5%, and 18.9% and 24.3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% shading at the seedling-joining stage, YD13 grain yield decreased by 24.5%.
- Material
- YD13e5
- Treatment
- Shading at seedling-joining stagee4
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 24.5%e4
- Qualifier
- 50%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of shading on the growth, development and grain yield of summer maize”
e0“The results showed that shading decreased maize yield significantly”
e1“With a shading intensity of 50% and 90%”
e5“Under field condition, this paper studied the effects of shading on the growth, development, and grain yield of summer maize varieties ND108 and YD13”
e4“Shading at seedling-joining stage had a relatively smaller effect, with the grain yield decreased by 16.9% and 24.5%, and 18.9% and 24.3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 90% shading at the seedling-joining stage, ND108 grain yield decreased by 18.9%.
- Material
- ND108e5
- Treatment
- Shading at seedling-joining stagee4
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 18.9%e4
- Qualifier
- 90%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of shading on the growth, development and grain yield of summer maize”
e0“The results showed that shading decreased maize yield significantly”
e1“With a shading intensity of 50% and 90%”
e5“Under field condition, this paper studied the effects of shading on the growth, development, and grain yield of summer maize varieties ND108 and YD13”
e4“Shading at seedling-joining stage had a relatively smaller effect, with the grain yield decreased by 16.9% and 24.5%, and 18.9% and 24.3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 90% shading at the seedling-joining stage, YD13 grain yield decreased by 24.3%.
- Material
- YD13e5
- Treatment
- Shading at seedling-joining stagee4
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 24.3%e4
- Qualifier
- 90%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of shading on the growth, development and grain yield of summer maize”
e0“The results showed that shading decreased maize yield significantly”
e1“With a shading intensity of 50% and 90%”
e5“Under field condition, this paper studied the effects of shading on the growth, development, and grain yield of summer maize varieties ND108 and YD13”
e4“Shading at seedling-joining stage had a relatively smaller effect, with the grain yield decreased by 16.9% and 24.5%, and 18.9% and 24.3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading had a larger effect on YD13 than on ND108.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of shading on the growth, development and grain yield of summer maize”
e5“Shading had a larger effect on YD13 than on ND108, and the effect of shading period was larger than that of shading intensity”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of shading period on maize was larger than that of shading intensity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of shading on the growth, development and grain yield of summer maize”
e5“Shading had a larger effect on YD13 than on ND108, and the effect of shading period was larger than that of shading intensity”
Claim · model-written summary
Under shading, maize growth and development were retarded, and the effect increased with shading intensity.
- Treatment
- Under shadinge6
- Outcome
- growth and development of maizee6
- Direction
- retardede6
- Qualifier
- effect was increased with increasing shading intensitye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of shading on the growth, development and grain yield of summer maize”
e6“Under shading, the growth and development of maize was retarded, and the effect was increased with increasing shading intensity”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading at the joining-flowering stage significantly decreased the number of silks and tassels through its effect on spike differentiation.
- Organ / stage
- spike differentiatione1
- Treatment
- Shading at joining-flowering stagee1
- Outcome
- numbers of silks and tasselse1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of shading on the growth, development and grain yield of summer maize”
e1“Shading at joining-flowering stage affected spike differentiation significantly, reflecting in the marked decrease of the numbers of silks and tassels”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading at the seedling and flowering-maturing stages significantly restrained leaf and plant growth.
- Treatment
- shading at seedling stage and at flowering-maturing stagee2
- Outcome
- leaf and plant growthe2
- Direction
- restrainede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effects of shading on the growth, development and grain yield of summer maize”
e2“The leaf and plant growth was restrained significantly when shading at seedling stage and at flowering-maturing stage”
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