Abstract
Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major pest of maize. Yield losses between 30 and 70% in the Americas and between 11 and 100% in Africa have been reported. Little information exists on the effect of pest damage during different plant growth stages on yield loss. Previous studies showed that insecticide applications at weekly intervals did not always provide a yield gain comparable to only a single or two well-timed applications. In this study, we completed four field trials under high natural pest pressure. Treatments consisted of different regimes of insecticide applications that provided protection against damage during different growth stages. In one trial, the mean incidence of infested plants was 65%, and the yield benefit gained from four insecticide applications was 32.6%. The other three trials had 16 treatments which were divided into two spray sequences to protect plants against FAW damage for different lengths of time, between early vegetative stages and tasseling. Yield losses were 41.9, 26.5 and 56.8% for the three respective trials if no insecticides were applied. Yield loss of plants protected during earlier growth stages was significantly lower than that of the treatments which provided protection during later growth stages. More than three spray applications generally completed did not provide further yield gains. Plants that were protected more during early growth stages yield higher than plants protected during later growths stages.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
One trial had 65% mean incidence of infested plants.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In one trial, the mean incidence of infested plants was 65%”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Four insecticide applications yielded a 32.6% benefit in one trial.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield benefit gained from four insecticide applications was 32.6%”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Without insecticide, yield loss in one trial was 41.9%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield losses were 41.9, 26.5 and 56.8% for the three respective trials if no insecticides were applied.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Without insecticide, yield loss in another trial was 26.5%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield losses were 41.9, 26.5 and 56.8% for the three respective trials if no insecticides were applied.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Without insecticide, yield loss in the third trial was 56.8%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield losses were 41.9, 26.5 and 56.8% for the three respective trials if no insecticides were applied.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Protecting maize during earlier growth stages significantly reduced yield loss relative to later protection.
- Treatment
- protected during earlier growth stagese0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera frugiperda
.jpg?width=60)
Spodoptera frugiperdat1pest - Outcome
- Yield losse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- protection during later growth stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Yield loss of plants protected during earlier growth stages was significantly lower than that of the treatments which provided protection during later growth stages.”
t0“Maize”
t1“Spodoptera frugiperda”
Claim · model-written summary
More than three spray applications generally gave no further yield gain.
- Treatment
- More than three spray applicationse0
- Outcome
- yield gainse0
- Direction
- did not provide furthere0
- Qualifier
- generallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More than three spray applications generally completed did not provide further yield gains.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Earlier protection produced higher yield than protection at later growth stages.
- Treatment
- protected more during early growth stagese0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- protected during later growths stagese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants that were protected more during early growth stages yield higher than plants protected during later growths stages.”
t0“Maize”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.