Abstract
The fall armyworm [FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith, 1797)] is an invasive and polyphagous insect that infests cereal crops, causing economic losses, and may be led to pose a threat to future the global maize crop in the future. Field trials were conducted to study the negative impacts of S. frugiperda on vegetative growth measurements, yield, and the components of the maize cultivar (Single-Hybrid 168 Yellow) in Luxor Governorate, Egypt. S. frugiperda larvae infestation to maize plants was observed in the 3rd week of June and so continued till the harvest in both 2021 and 2022 seasons. S. frugiperda had three peaks of the seasonal activity/season in the untreated (pesticide-free, control) and in the treated main plots by pesticides. Maize vegetative growth attributes (averages of plant height, stem diameter, and the number of green leaves per plant) displayed higher rates of the treated maize plants by insecticides against S. frugiperda. Maize grain, straw, and biological yield (kg/ha) were decreased in the untreated maize plants (insecticides free) than in the treated by insecticides. Concerning maize yield components, the treated plants were to outperform in the average length of a plant stem (cm), stem diameter (cm), and weight of cob (g), as well as, number of rows/cob, number of grains/ cob, number of grains/cob, maize cob grain weight (g) and weight of 1000-grains (g)], in comparison with the untreated plants. Also, the FAW infestation to untreated maize plants was decreased well in all calculated maize growth attributes, i.e., grain yield, and components. Regarding the relationship between variations in a given variable and the changes in S. frugiperda larvae numbers and plant damage percentage, the simple correlation and regression coefficient revealed a highly significant negative relationship in all the parameters tested. The obtained information may help farmers and decision-makers in the management of FAW populations based on an effective plan related to control measures that should be implemented.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Larval infestation began in the third week of June and continued to harvest in both seasons.
- Interactor
- S. frugiperda
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Spodoptera frugiperdae0pest - Outcome
- larvae infestation to maize plantse0
- Qualifier
- 3rd week of June and so continued till the harvest in both 2021 and 2022 seasonse0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“S. frugiperda larvae infestation to maize plants was observed in the 3rd week of June and so continued till the harvest in both 2021 and 2022 seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
S. frugiperda had three seasonal activity peaks in both untreated and pesticide-treated plots.
- Interactor
- S. frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- S. frugiperda had three peaks of the seasonal activity/seasone0
- Qualifier
- untreated (pesticide-free, control) and in the treated main plots by pesticidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“S. frugiperda had three peaks of the seasonal activity/season in the untreated (pesticide-free, control) and in the treated main plots by pesticides.”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide-treated maize had higher plant height.
- Treatment
- insecticidese0
- Interactor
- S. frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize vegetative growth attributes (averages of plant height, stem diameter, and the number of green leaves per plant) displayed higher rates of the treated maize plants by insecticides against S. frugiperda.”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide-treated maize had higher stem diameter.
- Treatment
- insecticidese0
- Interactor
- S. frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- stem diametere0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize vegetative growth attributes (averages of plant height, stem diameter, and the number of green leaves per plant) displayed higher rates of the treated maize plants by insecticides against S. frugiperda.”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide-treated maize had higher number of green leaves per plant.
- Treatment
- insecticidese0
- Interactor
- S. frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- number of green leaves per plante0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize vegetative growth attributes (averages of plant height, stem diameter, and the number of green leaves per plant) displayed higher rates of the treated maize plants by insecticides against S. frugiperda.”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated maize had lower grain yield than insecticide-treated maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize grain, straw, and biological yield (kg/ha) were decreased in the untreated maize plants (insecticides free) than in the treated by insecticides.”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated maize had lower straw yield than insecticide-treated maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize grain, straw, and biological yield (kg/ha) were decreased in the untreated maize plants (insecticides free) than in the treated by insecticides.”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated maize had lower biological yield yield than insecticide-treated maize.
- Treatment
- insecticides freee0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- treated by insecticidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize grain, straw, and biological yield (kg/ha) were decreased in the untreated maize plants (insecticides free) than in the treated by insecticides.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated maize exceeded untreated maize in average length of a plant stem.
- Treatment
- treated plantse0
- Outcome
- average length of a plant steme0
- Direction
- outperforme0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concerning maize yield components, the treated plants were to outperform in the average length of a plant stem (cm), stem diameter (cm), and weight of cob (g), as well as, number of rows/cob, number of grains/ cob, number of grains/cob, maize cob grain weight (g) and weight of 1000-grains (g)], in comparison with the untreated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated maize exceeded untreated maize in stem diameter.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concerning maize yield components, the treated plants were to outperform in the average length of a plant stem (cm), stem diameter (cm), and weight of cob (g), as well as, number of rows/cob, number of grains/ cob, number of grains/cob, maize cob grain weight (g) and weight of 1000-grains (g)], in comparison with the untreated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated maize exceeded untreated maize in weight of cob.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concerning maize yield components, the treated plants were to outperform in the average length of a plant stem (cm), stem diameter (cm), and weight of cob (g), as well as, number of rows/cob, number of grains/ cob, number of grains/cob, maize cob grain weight (g) and weight of 1000-grains (g)], in comparison with the untreated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated maize exceeded untreated maize in number of rows/cob.
- Treatment
- treated plantse0
- Outcome
- number of rows/cobe0
- Direction
- outperforme0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concerning maize yield components, the treated plants were to outperform in the average length of a plant stem (cm), stem diameter (cm), and weight of cob (g), as well as, number of rows/cob, number of grains/ cob, number of grains/cob, maize cob grain weight (g) and weight of 1000-grains (g)], in comparison with the untreated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated maize exceeded untreated maize in number of grains/ cob.
- Treatment
- treated plantse0
- Outcome
- number of grains/ cobe0
- Direction
- outperforme0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concerning maize yield components, the treated plants were to outperform in the average length of a plant stem (cm), stem diameter (cm), and weight of cob (g), as well as, number of rows/cob, number of grains/ cob, number of grains/cob, maize cob grain weight (g) and weight of 1000-grains (g)], in comparison with the untreated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated maize exceeded untreated maize in maize cob grain weight.
- Treatment
- treated plantse0
- Outcome
- maize cob grain weighte0
- Direction
- outperforme0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concerning maize yield components, the treated plants were to outperform in the average length of a plant stem (cm), stem diameter (cm), and weight of cob (g), as well as, number of rows/cob, number of grains/ cob, number of grains/cob, maize cob grain weight (g) and weight of 1000-grains (g)], in comparison with the untreated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated maize exceeded untreated maize in weight of 1000-grains.
- Treatment
- treated plantse0
- Outcome
- weight of 1000-grainse0
- Direction
- outperforme0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concerning maize yield components, the treated plants were to outperform in the average length of a plant stem (cm), stem diameter (cm), and weight of cob (g), as well as, number of rows/cob, number of grains/ cob, number of grains/cob, maize cob grain weight (g) and weight of 1000-grains (g)], in comparison with the untreated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval numbers and damage were negatively related to tested maize parameters.
- Interactor
- S. frugiperdaSpodoptera frugiperdae0pest
- Outcome
- all the parameters testede0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“variations in a given variable and the changes in S. frugiperda larvae numbers and plant damage percentage, the simple correlation and regression coefficient revealed a highly significant negative relationship in all the parameters tested.”
The same questions in other papers
insecticide · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
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- positive
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29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
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See all 37 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.