Abstract
Abstract Methyl bromide (MB), a dominant ozone-depleting substance, is scheduled to be completely phased out for soil fumigation by December 30th 2018, in China. The combined effects of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) plus metham sodium (MNa) were assessed in controlling soilborne pests for soil fumigation. A study was designed in laboratory for the evaluation of the efficacy of DMDS + MNa to control major soilborne pests. At the same time, two trials were conducted in cucumber field located in Tongzhou (in 2012) and Shunyi (in 2013), respectively, in order to assess the potential of DMDS + MNa in controlling soilborne pests. Laboratory studies disclosed positive synergistic effects of almost all four used combinations on Meloidogyne spp., Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp., Abutilon theophrasti and Digitaria sanguinalis . Field trials found that DMDS + MNa (30 + 21 g a. i. m −2 ), both at a 50% reduced dose, effectively suppressed Meloidogyne spp. with a low root galling index (2.1% and 11.7%), significantly reduced the levels of Phytophthora and Fusarium spp. with a low root disease index (7.5% and 15.8%), gave very high cucumber yields (6.75 kg m −2 and 10.03 kg m −2 ), and increased income for cucumber growers with the highest economic benefits (20.91 ¥ m −2 and 23.58 ¥ m −2 ). The combination treatment provided similar results as MB standard dose treatment (40 g a. i. m −2 ) or DMDS standard dose treatment (60 g a. i. m −2 ) in pest control and yield, but was more effective than MNa standard dose treatment (42 g a. i. m −2 ). Usage of all chemical treatments gave better significant results than the untreated group of control. Considering the economic benefits, the DMDS plus MNa combination (30 + 21 g a. i. m −2 ) could be used for soil fumigation in cucumber production in China.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
DMDS plus MNa combinations showed positive synergism against Meloidogyne spp. in laboratory tests.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- combinationse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne spp.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynee0pest - Outcome
- Meloidogyne spp.e0
- Direction
- positive synergistice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory studies disclosed positive synergistic effects of almost all four used combinations on Meloidogyne spp.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
The combinations showed positive synergism against Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp. in laboratory tests.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- combinationse0
- Second interactor
- Phytophthora spp.
Phytophthorae0pathogen - Outcome
- Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp.e0
- Direction
- positive synergistice0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“positive synergistic effects of almost all four used combinations on Meloidogyne spp., Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
The combinations showed positive synergism against Abutilon theophrasti and Digitaria sanguinalis.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- combinationse0
- Interactor
- Abutilon theophrasti
Abutilon theophrastie0weed - Second interactor
- Digitaria sanguinalis
.jpg?width=60)
Digitaria sanguinalise0weed - Outcome
- Abutilon theophrasti and Digitaria sanguinalise0
- Direction
- positive synergistice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“positive synergistic effects of almost all four used combinations on Meloidogyne spp., Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp., Abutilon theophrasti and Digitaria sanguinalis”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced DMDS plus MNa suppressed Meloidogyne spp. with root galling indices of 2.1% and 11.7%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- DMDS + MNa (30 + 21 g a. i. m −2 )e0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne spp.Meloidogynee0pest
- Outcome
- root galling indexe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 2.1% and 11.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DMDS + MNa (30 + 21 g a. i. m −2 ), both at a 50% reduced dose, effectively suppressed Meloidogyne spp. with a low root galling index (2.1% and 11.7%)”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced DMDS plus MNa significantly lowered Phytophthora and Fusarium levels, with root disease indices of 7.5% and 15.8%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- DMDS + MNat1
- Interactor
- PhytophthoraPhytophthorae0pathogen
- Outcome
- root disease indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 7.5% and 15.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly reduced the levels of Phytophthora and Fusarium spp. with a low root disease index (7.5% and 15.8%)”
t0“cucumber”
t1“Field trials found that DMDS + MNa”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced DMDS plus MNa produced cucumber yields of 6.75 and 10.03 kg m −2.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- DMDS + MNat1
- Outcome
- cucumber yieldse0
- Direction
- very highe0
- Value
- 6.75 kg m −2 and 10.03 kg m −2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gave very high cucumber yields (6.75 kg m −2 and 10.03 kg m −2 )”
t1“Field trials found that DMDS + MNa”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment gave the highest economic benefits, 20.91 and 23.58 ¥ m −2.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- DMDS + MNat1
- Outcome
- economic benefitse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 20.91 ¥ m −2 and 23.58 ¥ m −2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased income for cucumber growers with the highest economic benefits (20.91 ¥ m −2 and 23.58 ¥ m −2 )”
t1“Field trials found that DMDS + MNa”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination matched standard MB or DMDS treatments for pest control and yield.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- combination treatmente0
- Outcome
- pest control and yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- MB standard dose treatment (40 g a. i. m −2 ) or DMDS standard dose treatment (60 g a. i. m −2 )e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination treatment provided similar results as MB standard dose treatment (40 g a. i. m −2 ) or DMDS standard dose treatment (60 g a. i. m −2 ) in pest control and yield”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination outperformed standard MNa for pest control and yield.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- combination treatmentt1
- Outcome
- more effectivee0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- MNa standard dose treatment (42 g a. i. m −2 )e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but was more effective than MNa standard dose treatment (42 g a. i. m −2 )”
t0“cucumber”
t1“combination treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
All chemical treatments significantly outperformed the untreated control.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- all chemical treatmentse0
- Outcome
- better significant resultse0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- untreated group of controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Usage of all chemical treatments gave better significant results than the untreated group of control”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend the reduced DMDS plus MNa combination for cucumber soil fumigation in China.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- DMDS plus MNa combination (30 + 21 g a. i. m −2 )e0
- Outcome
- could be used for soil fumigatione0
- Setting
- Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the DMDS plus MNa combination (30 + 21 g a. i. m −2 ) could be used for soil fumigation in cucumber production in China”
The same questions in other papers
dimethyl disulfide · Meloidogyne · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
dimethyl disulfide · yield · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.