Abstract
Light spectrum plays an important role in regulating the growth and development of in vitro cultured potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets. The status of potato plantlets at the end of in vitro stage influences the minituber production after transplanting. With 100 µmol m−2 s−1 total photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), a light spectrum study of 100% red light emitting diodes (LEDs) light spectrum (RR), 100% blue LEDs light spectrum (BB), 65% red+35% blue LEDs light spectrum (RB), and 45% red+35% blue+20% green LEDs light spectrum (RBG) providing illumination at the in vitro cultured stage of potato plantlets for 4 weeks using fluorescent lamp as control (CK) was performed to investigate the effects of LEDs light spectrum on the growth, leaf anatomy, and chloroplast ultrastructure of potato plantlets in vitro as well as the minituber yield after 2 months transplanting in the greenhouse. Compared to CK, RB and RBG promoted the growth of potato plantlets in vitro with increased stem diameter, plantlet fresh weight, plantlet dry weight, and health index. Furthermore, BB induced the greatest stem diameter as well as the highest health index in potato plantlets in vitro. Root activity, soluble protein, and free amino acid were also significantly enhanced by BB, whereas carbohydrates were improved by RR. In addition, thickness of leaf, palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma was significantly increased by BB and RBG. Chloroplasts under BB and RBG showed well-developed grana thylakoid and stroma thylakoid. Unexpectedly, distinct upper epidermis with greatest thickness was induced and palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma were arranged neatly in RR. After transplanting in the greenhouse for 2 months, potato plantlets in vitro from BB, RB, and RBG produced high percentage of large size tuber. BB improved fresh and dry weights of the biggest tuber but decreased tuber number per plantlet. In addition, RBG increased tuber number as well as tuber fresh and dry weight slightly. Our results suggested monochromatic blue LEDs as well as combined red, blue or/and green LEDs light spectrum were superior to fluorescent lamp spectrum in micropropagation of potato plantlets. Therefore, the application of RBG was suitable; BB and RB could be used as alternatives.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
RB increased potato stem diameter and plantlet fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Treatment
- RBe0
- Outcome
- stem diameter, plantlet fresh weight, plantlet dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to CK, RB and RBG promoted the growth of potato plantlets in vitro with increased stem diameter, plantlet fresh weight, plantlet dry weight, and health index”
Claim · model-written summary
RBG increased potato stem diameter and plantlet fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- RBGe0
- Outcome
- stem diameter, plantlet fresh weight, plantlet dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to CK, RB and RBG promoted the growth of potato plantlets in vitro with increased stem diameter, plantlet fresh weight, plantlet dry weight, and health index”
Claim · model-written summary
RB increased plantlet health index.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to CK, RB and RBG promoted the growth of potato plantlets in vitro with increased stem diameter, plantlet fresh weight, plantlet dry weight, and health index”
Claim · model-written summary
RBG increased plantlet health index.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to CK, RB and RBG promoted the growth of potato plantlets in vitro with increased stem diameter, plantlet fresh weight, plantlet dry weight, and health index”
Claim · model-written summary
BB produced the greatest stem diameter and health index.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- BBe0
- Outcome
- stem diameter as well as the highest health indexe0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BB induced the greatest stem diameter as well as the highest health index in potato plantlets in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
BB significantly enhanced root activity, soluble protein and free amino acid.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- BBe0
- Outcome
- Root activity, soluble protein, and free amino acide0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root activity, soluble protein, and free amino acid were also significantly enhanced by BB”
t0“potato plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
RR improved carbohydrates.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- RRe0
- Outcome
- carbohydratese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carbohydrates were improved by RR”
t0“potato plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
BB increased leaf, palisade and spongy parenchyma thickness.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- BBe0
- Outcome
- thickness of leaf, palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchymae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thickness of leaf, palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma was significantly increased by BB and RBG”
t0“potato plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
RBG increased leaf, palisade and spongy parenchyma thickness.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- RBGe0
- Outcome
- thickness of leaf, palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchymae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thickness of leaf, palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma was significantly increased by BB and RBG”
t0“potato plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
BB produced well-developed chloroplast thylakoids.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- BBe0
- Outcome
- well-developed grana thylakoid and stroma thylakoide0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chloroplasts under BB and RBG showed well-developed grana thylakoid and stroma thylakoid”
t0“potato plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
RBG produced well-developed chloroplast thylakoids.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- RBGe0
- Outcome
- well-developed grana thylakoid and stroma thylakoide0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chloroplasts under BB and RBG showed well-developed grana thylakoid and stroma thylakoid”
t0“potato plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
RR produced the thickest distinct upper epidermis.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- RRe0
- Outcome
- upper epidermise0
- Direction
- greatest thicknesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“distinct upper epidermis with greatest thickness was induced and palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma were arranged neatly in RR”
t0“potato plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
RR produced orderly palisade and spongy parenchyma.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- RRe0
- Outcome
- palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma were arranged neatlye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma were arranged neatly in RR”
t0“potato plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
BB produced a high percentage of large tubers after transplanting.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- BBe0
- Outcome
- percentage of large size tubere0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potato plantlets in vitro from BB, RB, and RBG produced high percentage of large size tuber”
Claim · model-written summary
RB produced a high percentage of large tubers after transplanting.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- RBe0
- Outcome
- percentage of large size tubere0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potato plantlets in vitro from BB, RB, and RBG produced high percentage of large size tuber”
Claim · model-written summary
RBG produced a high percentage of large tubers after transplanting.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- RBGe0
- Outcome
- percentage of large size tubere0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potato plantlets in vitro from BB, RB, and RBG produced high percentage of large size tuber”
Claim · model-written summary
BB increased fresh and dry weight of the biggest tuber.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- BBe0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weights of the biggest tubere0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BB improved fresh and dry weights of the biggest tuber but decreased tuber number per plantlet”
t0“potato plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
BB decreased tuber number per plantlet.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- BBe0
- Outcome
- tuber number per plantlete0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BB improved fresh and dry weights of the biggest tuber but decreased tuber number per plantlet”
t0“potato plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
RBG slightly increased tuber number and fresh and dry weight.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- RBGe0
- Outcome
- tuber number as well as tuber fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- slightlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RBG increased tuber number as well as tuber fresh and dry weight slightly”
t0“potato plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend RBG, with BB and RB as alternatives.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- application of RBG was suitable; BB and RB could be used as alternativese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of RBG was suitable; BB and RB could be used as alternatives”
t0“potato plantlets”
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See all 53 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.