Abstract
Cabbage - perhaps the most common vegetable crops inUkraineare growing in size and scale of consumption. Today during late cabbage is 74.2 thousand ha. In recent years there has been a tendency to reduce the acreage and gross harvest of cabbage. It was established that the average years of research on the use of fertilizers in vegetable and fodder crop rotation provides an increase in soil content available for plant nutrition elements: the content of nitrate nitrogen increased by 20-44%, mobile phosphorus - at 12-47, exchangeable potassium - the 21- 37%. The most optimal conditions for power generated in the soil using organic-mineral system of fertilization (60 t/ha manure + (the entire surface) N 120 P 120 K 90 , 40 t/ha manure + N 60 P 60 K 45 (locally). Using organic and compliant mineral and organic fertilizers marked increase soil microbial activity rhizosphere, including increasing quantity Diazotroph and growing the potential activity coefficient of nitrogen fixation and mineralization. On average for the years 2011-2013 to use of organic and mineral fertilizers contributed to the increase in total harvest of cabbage 17,3-19,4 t / ha or 46,2-51,9% harvest for the control 37.4 t / ha. The most effective is the use of organo-mineral system of fertilization (manure 60 t / ha + N 120 P 120 K 90 or 40 tons of manure + N 60 P 60 K 45 locally) and mineral system fertilization (N 120 P 120 K 90 ). According fertilization systems overall harvest of cabbage was 56,3-56,8 t / ha. The highest harvest provides joint application of organic and mineral fertilizers (60 t/ha manure + N 120 P 120 K 90 or 40 t/ha manure + N 60 P 60 K 45 locally) increase productivity while ranged 19,4-19,2 t/ha. Using only mineral fertilizers (N 120 P 120 K 90 ) provides an increase in overall productivity of the cabbage by 50.5%, making only organic fertilizers (40 t/ha manure) – 48%. Fertilizing effect on biochemical indicators of production cabbage. The average years of research by the dry matter content in cabbage heads without the use of fertilizers was 7.21%, the organic-mineral fertilizing systems (60 t/ha manure + N 120 P 120 K 90 or 40 t/ha manure + N 60 P 60 K 45 locally) – 7.58-7.32%, for mineral fertilizers (N 120 P 120 K 90 ) - 7.97%, using only organic fertilizers (40 t/ha manure) - 8.06%. It was observed rise of total sugars in the cabbage. For joint application of organic and mineral fertilizers total sugar content is 3,50-3,73%, while only entering mineral fertilizer N 120 P 120 K 90 - 4.13%, 40 t/ha manure - 4.22% at the value of the indicator on the control of 3 62%. A significant augmentation of the maintenance of ascorbic acid observed only for use of 60 t/ha manure + N 120 P 120 K 90 (27.99 mg/100g) at the value of the indicator without fertilizers 24.81 mg/100g. Over fertilizing observed a significant growth of nitrate in the cabbage. To control the nitrate content was 269 mg/kg wet weight, for fertilizing marked increase in their to 389-436 mg/kg, but below the excess of the maximum allowable concentration (500 mg/kg wet weight). Cabbage growing on black soil irrigated soils of left-bank forest-steppe of Ukraineuse organic-mineral system of fertilization (40 t/ha manure + N 60 P 60 K 45 locally), providing an increase in total harvest of 51.3% and improves some biochemical parameters product quality (dry substance, ascorbic acid). Apply fertilizer only (N 120 P 120 K 90 ) increases in the cabbage of total sugar (4.13%). Nitrate in cabbage fertilization increased to 389 – 436 mg/kg, but was below the MAC (500 mg/kg wet weight). In the aggregate performance in growing cabbage irrigated vegetable and fodder crop rotation appropriate to use organic-mineral (40 t/ha manure + N 60 P 60 K 45 - locally) and mineral (N 120 P 120 K 90 ) fertilization system, thus increasing the harvest to 50-52% without compromising product quality. On average for the years conducted research using organic fertilizers when growing cabbage irrigated vegetable and fodder crop rotation provides an additional profit at the level of 18,0-24,4 thousand UAH./ha. The largest profit provides the use of mineral (N 120 P 120 K 90 ) and organo-mineral system of fertilization (40 t/ha manure + locally N 60 P 60 K 45 ), which varies between 24,0-24,4 thousand UAH/ha. The high level of profitability provides the use of mineral and organic-mineral, with application of mineral fertilizer locally fertilizer system; while profitability was 78% (46% in controls). Discussion . To obtain stable yields of cabbage with high quality fresh produce and preserve soil fertility in terms of left-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine developed the best science-based system of fertilization of cabbage for its cultivation in irrigated vegetable and fodder crop rotation - compatible manure 40 t/ha and N 60 P 60 K 45 (locally). This system improves nutrient fertilizer in the soil profile, which further increases the overall performance and productivity of the cabbage for 56.6 and 50.8 t/ha according to the normative indicators of quality fresh produce. Recommended system fertilize cabbage, organo-mineral (40 t/ha manure + N 60 P 60 K 45 locally) and mineral (N 120 P 120 K 90 ) provide the greatest profit per hectare - 24,0-24,4 thousand UAH.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizers increased soil nitrate nitrogen by 20-44%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the use of fertilizers in vegetable and fodder crop rotation provides an increase in soil content available for plant nutrition elements: the content of nitrate nitrogen increased by 20-44%, mobile phosphorus - at 12-47, exchangeable potassium - the 21- 37%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizers increased soil mobile phosphorus by the reported 12-47 range.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the use of fertilizers in vegetable and fodder crop rotation provides an increase in soil content available for plant nutrition elements: the content of nitrate nitrogen increased by 20-44%, mobile phosphorus - at 12-47, exchangeable potassium - the 21- 37%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizers increased soil exchangeable potassium by 21- 37%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the use of fertilizers in vegetable and fodder crop rotation provides an increase in soil content available for plant nutrition elements: the content of nitrate nitrogen increased by 20-44%, mobile phosphorus - at 12-47, exchangeable potassium - the 21- 37%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic-mineral fertilization produced the most optimal soil nutrition conditions.
- Treatment
- organic-mineral system of fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- most optimal conditions for powere0
- Direction
- most optimale0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The most optimal conditions for power generated in the soil using organic-mineral system of fertilization (60 t/ha manure + (the entire surface) N 120 P 120 K 90 , 40 t/ha manure + N 60 P 60 K 45 (locally).”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic and mineral fertilizers increased rhizosphere microbial activity, Diazotroph quantity and nitrogen fixation and mineralization activity.
- Treatment
- organic and compliant mineral and organic fertilizerse0
- Interactor
- Diazotrophe0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil microbial activity rhizospheree0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- including increasing quantity Diazotroph and growing the potential activity coefficient of nitrogen fixation and mineralizatione0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Using organic and compliant mineral and organic fertilizers marked increase soil microbial activity rhizosphere, including increasing quantity Diazotroph and growing the potential activity coefficient of nitrogen fixation and mineralization.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic and mineral fertilizers increased cabbage total harvest by 17,3-19,4 t / ha or 46,2-51,9% over a control of 37.4 t / ha in 2011-2013.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae0 - Treatment
- organic and mineral fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- total harveste0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 17,3-19,4 t / ha or 46,2-51,9%e0
- Qualifier
- 37.4 t / hae0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On average for the years 2011-2013 to use of organic and mineral fertilizers contributed to the increase in total harvest of cabbage 17,3-19,4 t / ha or 46,2-51,9% harvest for the control 37.4 t / ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organo-mineral fertilization was most effective, with reported harvests of 56,3-56,8 t / ha and productivity increases of 19,4-19,2 t/ha.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- joint application of organic and mineral fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- harveste0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 56,3-56,8 t / hae0
- Qualifier
- increase productivity while ranged 19,4-19,2 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“According fertilization systems overall harvest of cabbage was 56,3-56,8 t / ha. The highest harvest provides joint application of organic and mineral fertilizers (60 t/ha manure + N 120 P 120 K 90 or 40 t/ha manure + N 60 P 60 K 45 locally) increase productivity while ranged 19,4-19,2 t/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer N 120 P 120 K 90 increased cabbage productivity 50.5%.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- N 120 P 120 K 90e0
- Outcome
- overall productivitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 50.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using only mineral fertilizers (N 120 P 120 K 90 ) provides an increase in overall productivity of the cabbage by 50.5%, making only organic fertilizers (40 t/ha manure) – 48%.”
Claim · model-written summary
40 t/ha manure increased cabbage productivity 48%.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- 40 t/ha manuree0
- Outcome
- overall productivitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 48%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using only mineral fertilizers (N 120 P 120 K 90 ) provides an increase in overall productivity of the cabbage by 50.5%, making only organic fertilizers (40 t/ha manure) – 48%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic-mineral fertilization gave cabbage head dry matter of 7.58-7.32%, versus 7.21% without fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- organic-mineral fertilizing systemse0
- Outcome
- dry matter contente0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 7.58-7.32%e0
- Qualifier
- 7.21%e0
- Comparator
- without the use of fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average years of research by the dry matter content in cabbage heads without the use of fertilizers was 7.21%, the organic-mineral fertilizing systems (60 t/ha manure + N 120 P 120 K 90 or 40 t/ha manure + N 60 P 60 K 45 locally) – 7.58-7.32%”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilizer gave dry matter of 7.97% and total sugar of 4.13%; manure gave 8.06% dry matter and 4.22% sugar.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae2
- Outcome
- dry matter contente2
- Value
- 7.97%e0
- Qualifier
- using only organic fertilizers (40 t/ha manure) - 8.06%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: Claim budget: grouped remaining dry matter and sugar results with distinct fertilizer systems.
Verbatim
e0“for mineral fertilizers (N 120 P 120 K 90 ) - 7.97%, using only organic fertilizers (40 t/ha manure) - 8.06%.”
e1“while only entering mineral fertilizer N 120 P 120 K 90 - 4.13%, 40 t/ha manure - 4.22% at the value of the indicator on the control of 3 62%.”
e2“dry matter content in cabbage heads”
Claim · model-written summary
Joint organic and mineral application gave total sugar content of 3,50-3,73% versus control 3 62%.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- joint application of organic and mineral fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- total sugar contente0
- Value
- 3,50-3,73%e0
- Qualifier
- 3 62%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For joint application of organic and mineral fertilizers total sugar content is 3,50-3,73%, while only entering mineral fertilizer N 120 P 120 K 90 - 4.13%, 40 t/ha manure - 4.22% at the value of the indicator on the control of 3 62%.”
t0“Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
60 t/ha manure plus N 120 P 120 K 90 significantly increased ascorbic acid to 27.99 mg/100g from 24.81 mg/100g without fertilizers.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- 60 t/ha manure + N 120 P 120 K 90e0
- Outcome
- maintenance of ascorbic acide0
- Direction
- augmentatione0
- Value
- 27.99 mg/100ge0
- Qualifier
- 24.81 mg/100ge0
- Comparator
- without fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant augmentation of the maintenance of ascorbic acid observed only for use of 60 t/ha manure + N 120 P 120 K 90 (27.99 mg/100g) at the value of the indicator without fertilizers 24.81 mg/100g.”
t0“Cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization significantly increased cabbage nitrate to 389-436 mg/kg from control 269 mg/kg wet weight, below the maximum allowable concentration.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- fertilizinge0
- Outcome
- nitrate contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 389-436 mg/kge0
- Qualifier
- below the excess of the maximum allowable concentration (500 mg/kg wet weight)e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over fertilizing observed a significant growth of nitrate in the cabbage. To control the nitrate content was 269 mg/kg wet weight, for fertilizing marked increase in their to 389-436 mg/kg, but below the excess of the maximum allowable concentration (500 mg/kg wet weight).”
Claim · model-written summary
Local 40 t/ha manure plus N 60 P 60 K 45 increased total harvest by 51.3% and improved dry substance and ascorbic acid quality.
- Taxon
- CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- 40 t/ha manure + N 60 P 60 K 45 locallye0
- Outcome
- total harveste0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 51.3%e0
- Qualifier
- improves some biochemical parameters product quality (dry substance, ascorbic acid)e0
- Setting
- left-bank forest-steppee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cabbage growing on black soil irrigated soils of left-bank forest-steppe of Ukraineuse organic-mineral system of fertilization (40 t/ha manure + N 60 P 60 K 45 locally), providing an increase in total harvest of 51.3% and improves some biochemical parameters product quality (dry substance, ascorbic acid).”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend local organic-mineral and mineral fertilization for 50-52% greater harvest without compromising quality.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Outcome
- use organic-mineral (40 t/ha manure + N 60 P 60 K 45 - locally) and mineral (N 120 P 120 K 90 ) fertilization systeme0
- Value
- 50-52%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the aggregate performance in growing cabbage irrigated vegetable and fodder crop rotation appropriate to use organic-mineral (40 t/ha manure + N 60 P 60 K 45 - locally) and mineral (N 120 P 120 K 90 ) fertilization system, thus increasing the harvest to 50-52% without compromising product quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers provided additional profit of 18,0-24,4 thousand UAH./ha.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“On average for the years conducted research using organic fertilizers when growing cabbage irrigated vegetable and fodder crop rotation provides an additional profit at the level of 18,0-24,4 thousand UAH./ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral and local organo-mineral systems produced the largest profit, 24,0-24,4 thousand UAH/ha.
- Treatment
- mineral (N 120 P 120 K 90 ) and organo-mineral system of fertilization (40 t/ha manure + locally N 60 P 60 K 45 )e0
- Outcome
- profite0
- Direction
- largeste0
- Value
- 24,0-24,4 thousand UAH/hae0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The largest profit provides the use of mineral (N 120 P 120 K 90 ) and organo-mineral system of fertilization (40 t/ha manure + locally N 60 P 60 K 45 ), which varies between 24,0-24,4 thousand UAH/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral and locally applied organic-mineral systems provided 78% profitability versus 46% in controls.
- Treatment
- mineral and organic-minerale0
- Outcome
- profitabilitye0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 78%e0
- Qualifier
- 46%e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The high level of profitability provides the use of mineral and organic-mineral, with application of mineral fertilizer locally fertilizer system; while profitability was 78% (46% in controls).”
Claim · model-written summary
The recommended locally combined manure 40 t/ha and N 60 P 60 K 45 system improved soil nutrition and cabbage performance, with reported yields of 56.6 and 50.8 t/ha.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Outcome
- compatible manure 40 t/ha and N 60 P 60 K 45 (locally)e0
- Value
- 56.6 and 50.8 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- improves nutrient fertilizer in the soil profilee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“developed the best science-based system of fertilization of cabbage for its cultivation in irrigated vegetable and fodder crop rotation - compatible manure 40 t/ha and N 60 P 60 K 45 (locally). This system improves nutrient fertilizer in the soil profile, which further increases the overall performance and productivity of the cabbage for 56.6 and 50.8 t/ha according to the normative indicators of quality fresh produce.”
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