Abstract
Winter grazing of forage kale ( Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.) has been linked to environmental pollution and negative animal health issues. An experiment with seven nitrogen (N) fertiliser application rates (0–500 kg N ha −1 ) was carried out at Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand to investigate N uptake, partitioning, apparent N use efficiency (aNUE) and nutritive value of forage kale. Final harvest dry matter (DM) yield increased four‐fold to 25.5 t ha −1 when 500 kg N ha −1 was applied compared with the 0 kg N ha −1 crops, and N uptake by five‐fold to 425 kg ha −1 . The inability of the crops receiving ≤100 kg N ha −1 to attain critical leaf area index and critical level of specific leaf nitrogen content resulted in lower DM yield compared with the higher N fertiliser application rates. The aNUE decreased from 111.6 kg DM kg −1 N for the 50 kg N ha −1 crops to 37.5 kg DM kg −1 N for the 500 kg N ha −1 crops. Nitrogen fertiliser application rate had no systematic effect on the crude fibre content of the kale crops. The crude protein content was unaffected by N supply, and ranged between 7.7% and 10.5%. Under conditions of optimal water and nutrient supply on deep soils with high water‐holding capacity and long growing season (c. 7 months), it is recommended that N fertiliser is applied at 300 kg N ha −1 to achieve a yield of about 22 t ha −1 and aNUE of ≥51 kg DM kg −1 N applied.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter yield of forage kale was four-fold higher at 500 kg N ha −1 than at 0 kg N ha −1, reaching 25.5 t ha −1.
Verbatim
e0“Winter grazing of forage kale ( Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.)”
e1“was carried out at Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand”
e2“when 500 kg N ha −1 was applied compared with the 0 kg N ha −1 crops”
e3“Final harvest dry matter (DM) yield increased”
e4“to 25.5 t ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
N uptake of forage kale was five-fold higher at 500 kg N ha −1 than at 0 kg N ha −1, reaching 425 kg ha −1.
Verbatim
e0“Winter grazing of forage kale ( Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.)”
e2“when 500 kg N ha −1 was applied compared with the 0 kg N ha −1 crops”
e3“Final harvest dry matter (DM) yield increased”
e5“N uptake by five”
e6“to 425 kg ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Apparent N use efficiency of forage kale decreased from 111.6 to 37.5 kg DM kg −1 N as N rate rose from 50 to 500 kg N ha −1.
Verbatim
e0“Winter grazing of forage kale ( Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.)”
e7“The aNUE decreased from 111.6 kg DM kg −1 N for the 50 kg N ha −1 crops to 37.5 kg DM kg −1 N for the 500 kg N ha −1 crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertiliser application rate had no systematic effect on the crude fibre content of forage kale.
- Taxon
- kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridise1 - Treatment
- Nitrogen fertiliser application ratee1
- Outcome
- crude fibre contente1
- Direction
- no systematic effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter grazing of forage kale ( Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.)”
e1“Nitrogen fertiliser application rate had no systematic effect on the crude fibre content of the kale crops”
Claim · model-written summary
N supply did not affect the crude protein content of forage kale.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Winter grazing of forage kale ( Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.)”
e1“The crude protein content was unaffected by N supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude protein content of forage kale ranged between 7.7% and 10.5%.
Verbatim
e0“Winter grazing of forage kale ( Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.)”
e1“The crude protein content was unaffected by N supply”
e7“ranged between 7.7% and 10.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertiliser at 300 kg N ha −1 is recommended to achieve a yield of about 22 t ha −1 and an aNUE of at least 51 kg DM kg −1 N.
Verbatim
e0“Winter grazing of forage kale ( Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.)”
e6“N fertiliser is applied at 300 kg N ha −1 to achieve a yield of about 22 t ha −1 and aNUE of ≥51 kg DM kg −1 N applied”
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