Abstract
Although phosphorus supplementation (SP) has been shown to improve salinity tolerance in plants, crosstalk between hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or L-cysteine desulfhydrase (LDES) and SP-induced salinity tolerance needs to be elucidated. Thus, prior to initiation of stress treatment, young seedlings were transferred to aqueous solution containing the scavenger of H2S, 0.1 mM hypotaurine (HT), or the inhibitor of LDES, 0.3 mM DL-propargylglycine (PAG), for 12 h. The plants grown under control (no NaCl added) or salinity stress (SS; 100 mM NaCl) were then supplemented with SP (2.0 mM in total) as KH2PO4 for 5 weeks. SS caused a significant decrease in plant growth, PSII maximum efficiency, chlorophyll a and b, leaf water potential, relative water content, mineral element contents, ascorbate, and glutathione, but a significant increase in hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, electron leakage, proline, the activities of different key antioxidant enzymes, Na+ contents, endogenous H2S, and LDES activity. The SP-induced tolerance to salinity stress of maize plants was found to be due to reduced leaf Na+ content and oxidative stress, as well as improved antioxidant defence system, leaf mineral nutrient contents, plant growth and photosynthetic traits, levels of H2S and proline, and LDES activity. However, HT significantly reversed the levels of H2S, but did not reduce LDES activity. The application of PAG reversed both H2S and LDES in the salinity-stressed maize plants. Both HT and PAG reversed the positive effects of SP on oxidative stress and the antioxidant defence system, suggesting that H2S and LDES both jointly participated in P-induced salinity tolerance of maize plants.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress significantly decreased maize growth, PSII efficiency, chlorophyll, water status, mineral content and antioxidants.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SS caused a significant decrease in plant growth, PSII maximum efficiency, chlorophyll a and b, leaf water potential, relative water content, mineral element contents, ascorbate, and glutathione”
t0“maize (Zeamays) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress significantly increased peroxide, lipid damage, electrolyte leakage, proline, antioxidant enzymes, sodium, H2S and LDES.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SS caused a significant decrease in plant growth, PSII maximum efficiency, chlorophyll a and b, leaf water potential, relative water content, mineral element contents, ascorbate, and glutathione, but a significant increase in hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, electron leakage, proline, the activities of different key antioxidant enzymes, Na+ contents, endogenous H2S, and LDES activity.”
t0“maize (Zeamays) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental phosphorus reduced maize leaf sodium content and oxidative stress during salinity stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SP-induced tolerance to salinity stress of maize plants was found to be due to reduced leaf Na+ content and oxidative stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental phosphorus improved antioxidant defense, mineral nutrition, growth and photosynthetic traits under salinity stress.
- Treatment
- SPe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant defence system, leaf mineral nutrient contents, plant growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SP-induced tolerance to salinity stress of maize plants was found to be due to reduced leaf Na+ content and oxidative stress, as well as improved antioxidant defence system, leaf mineral nutrient contents, plant growth and photosynthetic traits”
t0“maize (Zeamays) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental phosphorus improved H2S, proline and LDES activity under salinity stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SP-induced tolerance to salinity stress of maize plants was found to be due to reduced leaf Na+ content and oxidative stress, as well as improved antioxidant defence system, leaf mineral nutrient contents, plant growth and photosynthetic traits, levels of H2S and proline, and LDES activity.”
t0“maize (Zeamays) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypotaurine significantly reversed H2S levels but did not reduce LDES activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT significantly reversed the levels of H2S, but did not reduce LDES activity.”
t0“maize (Zeamays) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypotaurine did not reduce LDES activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT significantly reversed the levels of H2S, but did not reduce LDES activity.”
t0“maize (Zeamays) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
PAG reversed H2S and LDES responses in salt-stressed maize.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of PAG reversed both H2S and LDES in the salinity-stressed maize plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypotaurine reversed the beneficial phosphorus effects on oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses.
- Treatment
- HTe0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress and the antioxidant defence systeme0
- Direction
- reversede0
- Comparator
- SPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both HT and PAG reversed the positive effects of SP on oxidative stress and the antioxidant defence system”
t0“maize (Zeamays) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
PAG reversed the beneficial phosphorus effects on oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses.
- Treatment
- PAGe0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress and the antioxidant defence systeme0
- Direction
- reversede0
- Comparator
- SPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both HT and PAG reversed the positive effects of SP on oxidative stress and the antioxidant defence system”
t0“maize (Zeamays) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer joint participation of H2S and LDES in phosphorus-induced maize salt tolerance.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting that H2S and LDES both jointly participated in P-induced salinity tolerance of maize plants.”
The same questions in other papers
hypotaurine · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
hypotaurine · physiology: oxidative · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.