Abstract
Rice bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is one of the most serious diseases of rice. In this study we found that exogenous melatonin can increase rice resistance to BB. Treatment of rice plants with exogenous melatonin (20 µg/ml) increased nitrate reductase, nitric oxide synthase, and peroxidase activity, enabling high intracellular concentrations of melatonin, nitric oxide, and H 2 O 2 . The expression of NPR1, a key regulator in the salicylic acid signaling pathway, was upregulated more than 10-fold when the plants were challenged with melatonin. Similarly, the messenger RNA level of PDF1.2, a jasmonic acid–induced defense marker, was 15 times higher in the treated plants than in the control plants. Moreover, three pathogenesis-related proteins, PR1b, PR8a, and PR9, were upregulated 20-fold in the presence of melatonin. The application of melatonin (100 µg/ml) to soil-grown rice reduced the incidence of BB by 86.21%. Taken together, these results not only provide a better understanding of melatonin-mediated innate immunity to X. oryzae pv. oryzae in rice but also represent a promising cultivation strategy to protect rice against X. oryzae pv. oryzae infection.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin increased rice resistance to bacterial blight.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- exogenous melatonine1
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaee0pathogen - Outcome
- rice resistance to BBe1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae”
e1“In this study we found that exogenous melatonin can increase rice resistance to BB”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin treatment increased nitrate reductase, nitric oxide synthase and peroxidase activity in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- exogenous melatonin (20 µg/ml)e2
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase, nitric oxide synthase, and peroxidase activitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Treatment of rice plants with exogenous melatonin (20 µg/ml) increased nitrate reductase, nitric oxide synthase, and peroxidase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin treatment enabled high intracellular concentrations of melatonin, nitric oxide and H 2 O 2 in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- exogenous melatonine2
- Outcome
- high intracellular concentrations of melatonin, nitric oxide, and H 2 O 2e3
- Direction
- highe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Treatment of rice plants with exogenous melatonin (20 µg/ml) increased nitrate reductase, nitric oxide synthase, and peroxidase activity”
e3“enabling high intracellular concentrations of melatonin, nitric oxide, and H 2 O 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin challenge upregulated NPR1 expression in rice more than 10-fold.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- melatonine4
- Gene
- NPR1e4
- Outcome
- expression of NPR1e4
- Direction
- upregulatede4
- Value
- more than 10-folde4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Treatment of rice plants with exogenous melatonin (20 µg/ml) increased nitrate reductase, nitric oxide synthase, and peroxidase activity”
e4“The expression of NPR1, a key regulator in the salicylic acid signaling pathway, was upregulated more than 10-fold when the plants were challenged with melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
PDF1.2 messenger RNA was 15 times higher in melatonin-treated rice than in control plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- exogenous melatonine2
- Gene
- PDF1.2e5
- Outcome
- messenger RNA level of PDF1.2e5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- 15 timese5
- Comparator
- control plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Treatment of rice plants with exogenous melatonin (20 µg/ml) increased nitrate reductase, nitric oxide synthase, and peroxidase activity”
e5“the messenger RNA level of PDF1.2, a jasmonic acid–induced defense marker, was 15 times higher in the treated plants than in the control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin upregulated PR1b, PR8a and PR9 in rice 20-fold.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- melatonine6
- Gene
- PR1b, PR8a, and PR9e6
- Outcome
- pathogenesis-related proteinse6
- Direction
- upregulatede6
- Value
- 20-folde6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Treatment of rice plants with exogenous melatonin (20 µg/ml) increased nitrate reductase, nitric oxide synthase, and peroxidase activity”
e6“three pathogenesis-related proteins, PR1b, PR8a, and PR9, were upregulated 20-fold in the presence of melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin (100 µg/ml) applied to soil-grown rice reduced the incidence of bacterial blight by 86.21%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae7
- Treatment
- melatonin (100 µg/ml)e7
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaeXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence of BBe7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Value
- 86.21%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae”
e7“The application of melatonin (100 µg/ml) to soil-grown rice reduced the incidence of BB by 86.21%”
The same questions in other papers
melatonin · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →melatonin · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
12 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →melatonin · molecular: expression · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
19 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →melatonin · physiology: oxidative · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
20 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.