Abstract
Abstract High nitrogen (N) rate often leads to low yield of rice due to lodging and mutual shading. This study was conducted to ascertain whether silicon (Si) could enhance yield response of rice to higher N rate by enhancing rigidity of plant parts and improving photosynthesis. The effects of Si and N on crop growth, photosynthesis, N use efficiencies and yield of rice were investigated during wet season (June to November) in sub‐humid tropical region of India. An increasing trend in crop growth rate with Si at all levels of N was observed. Silicon reduced the flag leaf angle making the leaf more upright and enhanced flag leaf N content. Leaf chlorophyll concentration and single leaf photosynthesis rate were higher with Si compared to without Si at flowering stage. Both N and Si significantly affected panicle number and grain filling. Application of 200 kg SiO 2 ha −1 and 100 kg N ha −1 produced the highest number of panicle per square meter, filled grain per panicle and yield. Significant yield increases ranging from 8.2–16.9% were observed with Si compared to without Si. Both N and Si treatments had significant effects on N uptake and N use efficiency. Agronomic N use efficiency and N recovery efficiency were higher with Si compared to without Si. The highest physiological N use efficiency was recorded with 200 kg SiO 2 ha −1 and 80 kg N ha −1 . Silicon may enhance yield response of rice to higher N rate by improving source (photosynthetic) capacity and sink (reproductive organ) strength.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased rice crop growth rate at all nitrogen levels.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- crop growth ratee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- at all levels of Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increasing trend in crop growth rate with Si at all levels of N was observed.”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon reduced flag leaf angle.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Silicone0
- Outcome
- flag leaf anglee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon reduced the flag leaf angle making the leaf more upright”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon enhanced flag leaf nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Silicont1
- Outcome
- flag leaf N contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced flag leaf N content.”
t0“low land rice”
t1“Silicon enhances”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased leaf chlorophyll concentration at flowering.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- Leaf chlorophyll concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- without Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf chlorophyll concentration and single leaf photosynthesis rate were higher with Si compared to without Si at flowering stage.”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased single-leaf photosynthesis rate at flowering.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- single leaf photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- without Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf chlorophyll concentration and single leaf photosynthesis rate were higher with Si compared to without Si at flowering stage.”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and silicon significantly affected panicle number and grain filling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N and Sie0
- Outcome
- panicle number and grain fillinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both N and Si significantly affected panicle number and grain filling.”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The 200 kg silicon dioxide and 100 kg nitrogen rates produced the highest panicle number, filled grains and yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 200 kg SiO 2 ha −1 and 100 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- number of panicle per square meter, filled grain per panicle and yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 200 kg SiO 2 ha −1 and 100 kg N ha −1 produced the highest number of panicle per square meter, filled grain per panicle and yield.”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon raised rice yield by 8.2–16.9% relative to no silicon.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 8.2–16.9%e0
- Comparator
- without Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant yield increases ranging from 8.2–16.9% were observed with Si compared to without Si.”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and silicon significantly affected nitrogen uptake and nitrogen-use efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N and Si treatmentse0
- Outcome
- N uptake and N use efficiencye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both N and Si treatments had significant effects on N uptake and N use efficiency.”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased agronomic nitrogen-use efficiency and nitrogen recovery efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- Agronomic N use efficiency and N recovery efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- without Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Agronomic N use efficiency and N recovery efficiency were higher with Si compared to without Si.”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest physiological nitrogen-use efficiency occurred at 200 kg silicon dioxide and 80 kg nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 200 kg SiO 2 ha −1 and 80 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- physiological N use efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest physiological N use efficiency was recorded with 200 kg SiO 2 ha −1 and 80 kg N ha −1 .”
t0“rice”
t1“rice”
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8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.