Abstract
Abstract Abundant studies revealed that multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are toxic to plants. However, whether or how MWCNTs influence lateral root (LR) formation, which is an important component of the adaptability of the root system to various environmental cues, remains controversial. In this report, we found that MWCNTs could enter into tomato seedling roots. The administration with MWCNTs promoted tomato LR formation in an approximately dose-dependent fashion. Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production was triggered by MWCNTs, confirmed by Greiss reagent method, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), together with the scavenger of NO. A cause-effect relationship exists between MWCNTs and NO in the induction of LR development, since MWCNT-triggered NO synthesis and LR formation were obviously blocked by the removal of endogenous NO with its scavenger. The activity of NO generating enzyme nitrate reductase (NR) was increased in response to MWCNTs. Tungstate inhibition of NR not only impaired NO production, but also abolished LR formation triggered by MWCNTs. The addition of N G -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester ( l -NAME), an inhibitor of mammalian nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like enzyme, failed to influence LR formation. Collectively, we proposed that NO might act as a downstream signaling molecule in MWCNT control of LR development, at least partially via NR.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes entered tomato seedling roots.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- seedling rootse0
- Outcome
- MWCNTs could enter into tomato seedling rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MWCNTs could enter into tomato seedling roots”
Claim · model-written summary
MWCNT administration promoted tomato lateral root formation approximately dose dependently.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- MWCNTse0
- Outcome
- LR formatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- approximately dose-dependent fashione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The administration with MWCNTs promoted tomato LR formation in an approximately dose-dependent fashion.”
Claim · model-written summary
MWCNTs triggered endogenous nitric oxide production.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MWCNTse0
- Outcome
- Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) productione0
- Direction
- triggerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production was triggered by MWCNTs”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Removal of endogenous NO blocked nanotube-triggered NO synthesis.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- removal of endogenous NO with its scavengere0
- Outcome
- MWCNT-triggered NO synthesise0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MWCNT-triggered NO synthesis and LR formation were obviously blocked by the removal of endogenous NO with its scavenger”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Removal of endogenous NO blocked nanotube-triggered lateral root formation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- removal of endogenous NO with its scavengere0
- Outcome
- LR formatione0
- Direction
- blockede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MWCNT-triggered NO synthesis and LR formation were obviously blocked by the removal of endogenous NO with its scavenger”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
MWCNTs increased nitrate reductase activity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MWCNTse0
- Gene
- nitrate reductase (NR)e0
- Outcome
- activity of NO generating enzyme nitrate reductase (NR)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of NO generating enzyme nitrate reductase (NR) was increased in response to MWCNTs.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tungstate inhibition of nitrate reductase impaired NO production.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Tungstate inhibition of NRe0
- Gene
- NRe0
- Outcome
- NO productione0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tungstate inhibition of NR not only impaired NO production, but also abolished LR formation triggered by MWCNTs.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tungstate inhibition of nitrate reductase abolished MWCNT-triggered lateral root formation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Tungstate inhibition of NRe0
- Gene
- NRe0
- Outcome
- LR formation triggered by MWCNTse0
- Direction
- abolishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tungstate inhibition of NR not only impaired NO production, but also abolished LR formation triggered by MWCNTs.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The NOS-like enzyme inhibitor l-NAME failed to influence lateral root formation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- N G -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester ( l -NAME)e0
- Outcome
- LR formatione0
- Direction
- failed to influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of N G -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester ( l -NAME), an inhibitor of mammalian nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like enzyme, failed to influence LR formation.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that NO acts downstream in MWCNT control of lateral root development, partly via nitrate reductase.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- NRe0
- Outcome
- LR developmente0
- Qualifier
- downstream signaling moleculee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO might act as a downstream signaling molecule in MWCNT control of LR development, at least partially via NR.”
t0“Tomato”
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