Abstract
A total of 24 species of fungi, namely Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger (Type 1 and Type 2) Van Tiegh, A. ochraceus K. Wilhelm, A. nidulans Eidam, Aspergillus sp.1, Aspergillus sp.2, Aspergillus sp.3, Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz & Sacc, C. gossypii Southw., Chaetomium globosum Kunze., Fusarium nivale (Fr.) Sorauer, F. moniliforme J. Shelden, F. oxysporum Schlechtendal, F. fujikuroi Nirenberg, Mucor sp. P. Micheli ex L., Penicillium sp.1 and sp.2 Link, Rhizoctonia solani Khun., Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill., Rhizomucor sp. Lucet & Costantin, Syncephalastrum racemosum Cohn and Trichoderma viride Pers. were found to be associated with the seeds of 14 varieties (CB 1- CB 14) of cotton. Out of these 24 fungal species, nine were found to be pathogenic to cotton. They were Aspergillus flavus, A. niger (Type 1), Aspergillus sp. 1, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium nivale, F. moniliforme, Mucor sp. and Rhizoctonia solani. These pathogenic fungi had remarkable effect on seed germination, vigor index, root-shoot length and mortality of cotton seedlings. The germination percentage of control seeds was 88 but because of the presence of pathogenic fungi the rate showed considerable reduction in all the varieties and it varied from 20 to 82%. Among the nine fungal isolates Rhizoctonia solani showed maximum reduction in seed germination. Aspergillus flavus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium moniliforme also caused near about 50% reduction in seed germination. Mortality percentage of control seedling were also less (6) whereas, in inoculated seeds it was higher and varied from 7 - 23%. Root- shoot ratio of control seedlings was high but less in inoculated seedlings. The vigor index of control plant was high (1548.8) but less in inoculated plants. The lowest vigor index was noticed for Rhizoctonia solani (202.0) and highest for Aspergillus sp. 1(1213.6). Results indicated that Curvularia lunata and Rhizoctonia solani showed a greater impact in reduction of cotton seed germination and vigor index. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(1): 107-115, 2020 (January)
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Nine of the 24 seed-associated fungal species were pathogenic to cotton
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Interactor
- fungal speciese1pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogenic to cottone1
- Value
- ninee1
- Qualifier
- Out of these 24 fungal speciese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were found to be associated with the seeds of 14 varieties (CB 1- CB 14) of cotton”
e1“Out of these 24 fungal species, nine were found to be pathogenic to cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogenic fungi reduced cotton seed germination to 20 to 82% against 88% in control seeds
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- presence of pathogenic fungie3
- Interactor
- pathogenic fungie3pathogen
- Outcome
- germination percentagee3
- Direction
- considerable reductione3
- Value
- 20 to 82%e3
- Comparator
- control seedse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were found to be associated with the seeds of 14 varieties (CB 1- CB 14) of cotton”
e3“The germination percentage of control seeds was 88 but because of the presence of pathogenic fungi the rate showed considerable reduction in all the varieties and it varied from 20 to 82%”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia solani showed the maximum reduction in cotton seed germination
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie4pathogen - Outcome
- seed germinatione4
- Direction
- maximum reductione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were found to be associated with the seeds of 14 varieties (CB 1- CB 14) of cotton”
e4“Among the nine fungal isolates Rhizoctonia solani showed maximum reduction in seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus flavus caused a near 50% reduction in cotton seed germination
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavuse5pathogen - Outcome
- seed germinatione5
- Direction
- reductione5
- Value
- near about 50%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were found to be associated with the seeds of 14 varieties (CB 1- CB 14) of cotton”
e5“Aspergillus flavus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium moniliforme also caused near about 50% reduction in seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides caused a near 50% reduction in cotton seed germination
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Colletotrichum gloeosporioidese5pathogen - Outcome
- seed germinatione5
- Direction
- reductione5
- Value
- near about 50%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were found to be associated with the seeds of 14 varieties (CB 1- CB 14) of cotton”
e5“Aspergillus flavus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium moniliforme also caused near about 50% reduction in seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium moniliforme caused a near 50% reduction in cotton seed germination
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- Fusarium moniliforme
Fusarium verticillioidese5pathogen - Outcome
- seed germinatione5
- Direction
- reductione5
- Value
- near about 50%e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were found to be associated with the seeds of 14 varieties (CB 1- CB 14) of cotton”
e5“Aspergillus flavus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium moniliforme also caused near about 50% reduction in seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Mortality of cotton seedlings was higher in inoculated seeds than in control seedlings
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- inoculated seedse6
- Outcome
- Mortality percentagee6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 7 - 23%e6
- Comparator
- control seedlinge6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were found to be associated with the seeds of 14 varieties (CB 1- CB 14) of cotton”
e6“Mortality percentage of control seedling were also less (6) whereas, in inoculated seeds it was higher and varied from 7 - 23%”
Claim · model-written summary
Root-shoot ratio of cotton seedlings was lower in inoculated seedlings than in control seedlings
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- inoculated seedlingse7
- Outcome
- Root- shoot ratioe7
- Direction
- lesse7
- Comparator
- control seedlingse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were found to be associated with the seeds of 14 varieties (CB 1- CB 14) of cotton”
e7“Root- shoot ratio of control seedlings was high but less in inoculated seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Vigor index of cotton was lower in inoculated plants than in control plants
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- inoculated plantse7
- Outcome
- vigor indexe7
- Direction
- lesse7
- Qualifier
- 1548.8e7
- Comparator
- control plante7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were found to be associated with the seeds of 14 varieties (CB 1- CB 14) of cotton”
e7“The vigor index of control plant was high (1548.8) but less in inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia solani gave the lowest cotton seedling vigor index (202.0)
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie7pathogen
- Outcome
- vigor indexe7
- Direction
- loweste7
- Value
- 202.0e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were found to be associated with the seeds of 14 varieties (CB 1- CB 14) of cotton”
e7“The lowest vigor index was noticed for Rhizoctonia solani (202.0) and highest for Aspergillus sp. 1(1213.6)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aspergillus sp. 1 gave the highest cotton seedling vigor index (1213.6)
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus sp. 1e7pathogen
- Outcome
- vigor indexe7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 1213.6e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were found to be associated with the seeds of 14 varieties (CB 1- CB 14) of cotton”
e7“The lowest vigor index was noticed for Rhizoctonia solani (202.0) and highest for Aspergillus sp. 1(1213.6)”
Claim · model-written summary
Curvularia lunata and Rhizoctonia solani had a greater impact on reducing cotton seed germination and vigor index
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- Curvularia lunata
Curvularia lunatae6pathogen - Second interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie6pathogen
- Outcome
- cotton seed germination and vigor indexe6
- Direction
- greater impacte6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were found to be associated with the seeds of 14 varieties (CB 1- CB 14) of cotton”
e6“Results indicated that Curvularia lunata and Rhizoctonia solani showed a greater impact in reduction of cotton seed germination and vigor index”
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