Abstract
Amino acids have diverse roles in plant metabolism, and recently amino acid based fertilizers have been used largely in crop production systems. Despite most of these new fertilizers are formulated for foliar application; however, morphophysiological responses of crops to amino acids application have not yet been well documented. In the present study, foliar application of glycine or glutamine in different concentrations of 0 (distilled water), 250, 500, 1000 mg·L-1, as well as a treatment of 250 mg·L-1 glycine + 250 mg·L-1 glutamine were evaluated on growth of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants. The results showed that foliar application of glycine or glutamine at 1000 mg·L-1 showed no improvement in comparison with control for all traits except for leaf L-ascorbic acid concentration that showed the highest value under these amino acids treatments. However, foliar application of these amino acids at 250 and particularly 500 mg·L-1 showed promising effect on sweet basil growth. Plant shoot fresh and dry weight, leaf area, leaf SPAD value, and leaf chlorophyll content were improved by foliar application of 500 mg·L-1 glycine or glutamine in comparison with control plants. Foliar application of amino acids increased leaf nitrogen (glutamine 250 and 500 mg·L-1), potassium (glycine 250 mg·L-1), magnesium (glutamine 250 or 500 mg·L-1, glycine 250 mg·L-1, glycine + glutamine; 250 + 250 mg·L-1), iron (glycine and glutamine at 500 mg·L-1 and glutamine at 250 mg·L-1), and zinc (glycine and glutamine at 250 or 500 mg·L-1), whereas the increase in leaf nutrients caused by other treatments was not significantly different from control plants. Leaf calcium concentration was not changed by amino acid treatments. The results indicate that foliar application of moderate to low concentrations of glutamine or glycine can improve sweet basil growth.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar glycine or glutamine at 1000 mg·L-1 gave no improvement over control for any trait except leaf L-ascorbic acid.
- Taxon
- sweet basil
Ocimum basilicume0 - Treatment
- foliar application of glycine or glutamine at 1000 mg·L-1e1
- Outcome
- all traitse1
- Direction
- no improvemente1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants”
e1“foliar application of glycine or glutamine at 1000 mg·L-1 showed no improvement in comparison with control for all traits except for leaf L-ascorbic acid concentration that showed the highest value under these amino acids treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar glycine or glutamine at 1000 mg·L-1 gave the highest leaf L-ascorbic acid concentration among the amino acid treatments.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- foliar application of glycine or glutamine at 1000 mg·L-1e1
- Outcome
- leaf L-ascorbic acid concentratione1
- Direction
- highest valuee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants”
e1“foliar application of glycine or glutamine at 1000 mg·L-1 showed no improvement in comparison with control for all traits except for leaf L-ascorbic acid concentration that showed the highest value under these amino acids treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar glycine or glutamine at 250 and 500 mg·L-1 showed a promising effect on sweet basil growth.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- foliar application of these amino acids at 250 and particularly 500 mg·L-1e2
- Outcome
- sweet basil growthe2
- Direction
- promising effecte2
- Comparator
- control plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants”
e2“foliar application of these amino acids at 250 and particularly 500 mg·L-1 showed promising effect on sweet basil growth”
e3“in comparison with control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar glycine or glutamine at 500 mg·L-1 improved shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and leaf area compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- foliar application of 500 mg·L-1 glycine or glutaminee3
- Outcome
- Plant shoot fresh and dry weight, leaf areae3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Comparator
- control plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants”
e3“Plant shoot fresh and dry weight, leaf area, leaf SPAD value, and leaf chlorophyll content were improved by foliar application of 500 mg·L-1 glycine or glutamine in comparison with control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar glycine or glutamine at 500 mg·L-1 improved leaf SPAD value and leaf chlorophyll content compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- foliar application of 500 mg·L-1 glycine or glutaminee3
- Outcome
- leaf SPAD value, and leaf chlorophyll contente3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Comparator
- control plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants”
e3“Plant shoot fresh and dry weight, leaf area, leaf SPAD value, and leaf chlorophyll content were improved by foliar application of 500 mg·L-1 glycine or glutamine in comparison with control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar amino acid application increased leaf nitrogen at glutamine 250 and 500 mg·L-1 compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- glutamine 250 and 500 mg·L-1e4
- Outcome
- leaf nitrogene4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- control plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants”
e4“Foliar application of amino acids increased leaf nitrogen (glutamine 250 and 500 mg·L-1), potassium (glycine 250 mg·L-1), magnesium (glutamine 250 or 500 mg·L-1, glycine 250 mg·L-1, glycine + glutamine; 250 + 250 mg·L-1), iron (glycine and glutamine at 500 mg·L-1 and glutamine at 250 mg·L-1), and zinc (glycine and glutamine at 250 or 500 mg·L-1)”
e5“whereas the increase in leaf nutrients caused by other treatments was not significantly different from control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar amino acid application increased leaf potassium at glycine 250 mg·L-1 compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- glycine 250 mg·L-1e4
- Outcome
- potassiume4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- control plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants”
e4“Foliar application of amino acids increased leaf nitrogen (glutamine 250 and 500 mg·L-1), potassium (glycine 250 mg·L-1), magnesium (glutamine 250 or 500 mg·L-1, glycine 250 mg·L-1, glycine + glutamine; 250 + 250 mg·L-1), iron (glycine and glutamine at 500 mg·L-1 and glutamine at 250 mg·L-1), and zinc (glycine and glutamine at 250 or 500 mg·L-1)”
e5“whereas the increase in leaf nutrients caused by other treatments was not significantly different from control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar amino acid application increased leaf magnesium at glutamine 250 or 500 mg·L-1 compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- glutamine 250 or 500 mg·L-1e4
- Outcome
- magnesiume4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- glycine 250 mg·L-1, glycine + glutamine; 250 + 250 mg·L-1e4
- Comparator
- control plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants”
e4“Foliar application of amino acids increased leaf nitrogen (glutamine 250 and 500 mg·L-1), potassium (glycine 250 mg·L-1), magnesium (glutamine 250 or 500 mg·L-1, glycine 250 mg·L-1, glycine + glutamine; 250 + 250 mg·L-1), iron (glycine and glutamine at 500 mg·L-1 and glutamine at 250 mg·L-1), and zinc (glycine and glutamine at 250 or 500 mg·L-1)”
e5“whereas the increase in leaf nutrients caused by other treatments was not significantly different from control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar amino acid application increased leaf iron at glycine and glutamine 500 mg·L-1 and glutamine 250 mg·L-1 compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- glycine and glutamine at 500 mg·L-1 and glutamine at 250 mg·L-1e4
- Outcome
- irone4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- control plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants”
e4“Foliar application of amino acids increased leaf nitrogen (glutamine 250 and 500 mg·L-1), potassium (glycine 250 mg·L-1), magnesium (glutamine 250 or 500 mg·L-1, glycine 250 mg·L-1, glycine + glutamine; 250 + 250 mg·L-1), iron (glycine and glutamine at 500 mg·L-1 and glutamine at 250 mg·L-1), and zinc (glycine and glutamine at 250 or 500 mg·L-1)”
e5“whereas the increase in leaf nutrients caused by other treatments was not significantly different from control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar amino acid application increased leaf zinc at glycine and glutamine 250 or 500 mg·L-1 compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- glycine and glutamine at 250 or 500 mg·L-1e4
- Outcome
- zince4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- control plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants”
e4“Foliar application of amino acids increased leaf nitrogen (glutamine 250 and 500 mg·L-1), potassium (glycine 250 mg·L-1), magnesium (glutamine 250 or 500 mg·L-1, glycine 250 mg·L-1, glycine + glutamine; 250 + 250 mg·L-1), iron (glycine and glutamine at 500 mg·L-1 and glutamine at 250 mg·L-1), and zinc (glycine and glutamine at 250 or 500 mg·L-1)”
e5“whereas the increase in leaf nutrients caused by other treatments was not significantly different from control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf nutrient increases caused by the other amino acid treatments were not significantly different from control plants.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- other treatmentse5
- Outcome
- leaf nutrientse5
- Direction
- not significantly differente5
- Comparator
- control plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants”
e5“whereas the increase in leaf nutrients caused by other treatments was not significantly different from control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf calcium concentration was not changed by amino acid treatments.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- amino acid treatmentse6
- Outcome
- Leaf calcium concentratione6
- Direction
- not changede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants”
e6“Leaf calcium concentration was not changed by amino acid treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of moderate to low concentrations of glutamine or glycine can improve sweet basil growth.
- Taxon
- sweet basilOcimum basilicume0
- Treatment
- moderate to low concentrations of glutamine or glycinee7
- Outcome
- sweet basil growthe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants”
e7“The results indicate that foliar application of moderate to low concentrations of glutamine or glycine can improve sweet basil growth”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.