Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of salinity stress and foliar applications of graphene oxide, nano-Fe, and selenium on basil’s growth and physiological responses. The results revealed that the treatments affected plant dry weight, essential oil, and malondialdehyde content, relative water content as well as hydrogen peroxide, proline, sodium, iron, and phosphorus content, and sodium to potassium ratio. The highest plant dry weight and essential oil content were recorded under no-salinity and 50 mM salinity × iron nanoparticle foliar use, while 100 mM salinity stress with no foliar spraying increased the levels of malondialdehyde, sodium content, and sodium-to-potassium ratio. The experimental treatments independently affected catalase activity and chlorophyll, calcium, nitrogen, potassium, manganese, zinc, and magnesium content. Foliar treatment of nanoparticles improved chlorophyll b, potassium, manganese and nitrogen content, and catalase activity. Under the control conditions and 50 mM salinity, the magnesium, calcium, and chlorophyll contents were enhanced. Graphene oxide and selenium foliar applications enhanced the calcium and magnesium content of plants. The foliar treatments were partially effective in mitigating the salinity defects under mild-stress conditions. Otherwise, with exposure to the salinity of 100 mM, the foliar treatments could not control the adverse effects of salt stress on the plant.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Highest dry weight and essential oil content of basil were recorded under no salinity and under 50 mM salinity with nano-iron foliar use.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum basilicumt0 - Treatment
- 50 mM salinity × iron nanoparticle foliar usee1
- Outcome
- plant dry weight and essential oil contente1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- no-salinitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e1“The highest plant dry weight and essential oil content were recorded under no-salinity and 50 mM salinity × iron nanoparticle foliar use”
Claim · model-written summary
100 mM salinity without foliar spraying increased malondialdehyde, sodium content and the sodium-to-potassium ratio in basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- 100 mM salinity stress with no foliar sprayinge2
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde, sodium content, and sodium-to-potassium ratioe2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e2“100 mM salinity stress with no foliar spraying increased the levels of malondialdehyde, sodium content, and sodium-to-potassium ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
The experimental treatments affected catalase activity in basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- The experimental treatmentse3
- Outcome
- catalase activitye3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e3“The experimental treatments independently affected catalase activity and chlorophyll, calcium, nitrogen, potassium, manganese, zinc, and magnesium content”
Claim · model-written summary
The experimental treatments affected chlorophyll, calcium and nitrogen content in basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- The experimental treatmentse3
- Outcome
- chlorophyll, calcium, nitrogene3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e3“The experimental treatments independently affected catalase activity and chlorophyll, calcium, nitrogen, potassium, manganese, zinc, and magnesium content”
Claim · model-written summary
The experimental treatments affected potassium, manganese and zinc content in basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- The experimental treatmentse3
- Outcome
- potassium, manganese, zince3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e3“The experimental treatments independently affected catalase activity and chlorophyll, calcium, nitrogen, potassium, manganese, zinc, and magnesium content”
Claim · model-written summary
The experimental treatments affected magnesium content in basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- The experimental treatmentse3
- Outcome
- magnesium contente3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e3“The experimental treatments independently affected catalase activity and chlorophyll, calcium, nitrogen, potassium, manganese, zinc, and magnesium content”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nanoparticle treatment improved chlorophyll b, potassium and manganese content in basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar treatment of nanoparticlese4
- Outcome
- chlorophyll b, potassium, manganesee4
- Direction
- improvede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e4“Foliar treatment of nanoparticles improved chlorophyll b, potassium, manganese and nitrogen content, and catalase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nanoparticle treatment improved nitrogen content and catalase activity in basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar treatment of nanoparticlese4
- Outcome
- nitrogen content, and catalase activitye4
- Direction
- improvede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e4“Foliar treatment of nanoparticles improved chlorophyll b, potassium, manganese and nitrogen content, and catalase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Under control conditions and 50 mM salinity, magnesium, calcium and chlorophyll contents of basil were enhanced.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Outcome
- magnesium, calcium, and chlorophyll contentse5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Setting
- control conditions and 50 mM salinitye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e5“Under the control conditions and 50 mM salinity, the magnesium, calcium, and chlorophyll contents were enhanced”
Claim · model-written summary
Graphene oxide and selenium foliar applications enhanced calcium and magnesium content of basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- Graphene oxide and selenium foliar applicationse6
- Outcome
- calcium and magnesium contente6
- Direction
- enhancede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e6“Graphene oxide and selenium foliar applications enhanced the calcium and magnesium content of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar treatments partially mitigated salinity defects in basil under mild-stress conditions.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- foliar treatmentse7
- Outcome
- salinity defectse7
- Direction
- mitigatinge7
- Qualifier
- under mild-stress conditionse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e7“The foliar treatments were partially effective in mitigating the salinity defects under mild-stress conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 mM salinity, foliar treatments could not control the adverse effects of salt stress on basil.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicumOcimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- the foliar treatmentse7
- Outcome
- adverse effects of salt stresse7
- Direction
- could not controle7
- Qualifier
- with exposure to the salinity of 100 mMe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ocimum basilicum”
e7“with exposure to the salinity of 100 mM, the foliar treatments could not control the adverse effects of salt stress on the plant”
The same questions in other papers
selenium atom · nutrient: content · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →iron atom · quality: oil · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
nanoparticle · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
nanoparticle · physiology: pigments · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
nanoparticle · quality: oil · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →application · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
application · physiology: pigments · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
application · nutrient: content · Ocimum basilicum (basil)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.