Abstract
Field trials were established in 1981, 1982, and 1983 to determine the effects of row width and tillage system on velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) competition in soybeans Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Amsoy 71' . Soybeans were grown in 25 and 76 cm row spacings under conventional and no tillage conditions. In both tillage systems, soybeans grown in narrow rows suppressed the growth of velvetleaf when compared to those grown in wide rows. Tillage system influenced the growth of soybeans and velvetleaf, but did not affect their relative competitiveness. Soybeans grown with no tillage produced significantly greater seed yield in two of the three years, as did soybeans grown in narrow rows. The results suggest that a narrow row, reduced tillage production system provides soybeans with a competitive advantage over velvetleaf. During these studies, velvetleaf was relatively non-competitive at densities ranging from 2.5 to 40 plants/m('2). Subsequently, the velvetleaf was found to be infected with Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and additional trials were established in 1983 and 1984 to determine the effects of disease, and to evaluate further and influence of row width, on velvetleaf competition in soybeans. Healthy velvetleaf, at densities of 2.5 to 40 plants/m('2), significantly reduced the dry weight of soybean leaves, stems, pod and seed, and in the leaf area index, pod number, and seed yield of soybeans grown in both row widths. Soybeans grown in narrow rows reduced the growth of velvetleaf when compared to those grown in wide rows. The magnitude of growth and yield reduction caused by velvetleaf was dependent upon weed density, but was influenced by growing season, row width, and soil type. Of the velvetleaf exhibiting disease symptoms, V. dahliae was isolated from 65 to 97% of the plants tested. Some velvetleaf plants were also found to be infected with Macrophomina phaseolina Goid. Of the velvetleaf plants exhibiting wilt symptoms, 96% were found to be infected with both pathogens concurrently. Only 4% of the soybean plants tested were infected with V. dahliae and none were infected with M. phaseolina. Diseased velvetleaf, at densities of 2.5 to 40 plants/m('2), caused 1.5 to 8.5% reduction in the seed yield of soybeans, while healthy velvetleaf reduced soybean seed yield by 18.5 to 52.5%. V. dahliae reduced the leaf area and dry weight of velvetleaf by 60%, and height by 36%, when compared to healthy plants. No definite pattern of disease incidence could be attributed to row width or tillage effects.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow soybean rows suppressed velvetleaf growth relative to wide rows in both tillage systems.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- narrow rowse0
- Interactor
- velvetleaf
Abutilon theophrastie0weed - Outcome
- growth of velvetleafe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Comparator
- wide rowse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both tillage systems, soybeans grown in narrow rows suppressed the growth of velvetleaf when compared to those grown in wide rows.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage influenced soybean growth.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Tillage systeme0
- Outcome
- growth of soybeanse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage system influenced the growth of soybeans and velvetleaf, but did not affect their relative competitiveness.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage influenced velvetleaf growth.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Tillage systeme0
- Interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- growth of soybeans and velvetleafe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage system influenced the growth of soybeans and velvetleaf, but did not affect their relative competitiveness.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage did not affect soybean and velvetleaf relative competitiveness.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Tillage systeme0
- Interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- relative competitivenesse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage system influenced the growth of soybeans and velvetleaf, but did not affect their relative competitiveness.”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage significantly increased soybean seed yield in two of three years.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- no tillagee0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- two of the three yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybeans grown with no tillage produced significantly greater seed yield in two of the three years, as did soybeans grown in narrow rows.”
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow rows significantly increased soybean seed yield in two of three years.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- narrow rowse0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- two of the three yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybeans grown with no tillage produced significantly greater seed yield in two of the three years, as did soybeans grown in narrow rows.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest narrow rows with reduced tillage for competitive advantage over velvetleaf.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- narrow row, reduced tillage production systeme0
- Interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- competitive advantage over velvetleafe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results suggest that a narrow row, reduced tillage production system provides soybeans with a competitive advantage over velvetleaf.”
Claim · model-written summary
Velvetleaf was relatively noncompetitive at 2.5 to 40 plants per square meter.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- velvetleaf was relatively non-competitivee0
- Value
- 2.5 to 40 plants/m('2)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During these studies, velvetleaf was relatively non-competitive at densities ranging from 2.5 to 40 plants/m('2).”
t0“SOYBEANS”
Claim · model-written summary
Healthy velvetleaf significantly reduced soybean dry weight of soybean leaves, stems, pod and seed.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Healthy velvetleafe0
- Interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- dry weight of soybean leaves, stems, pod and seede0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 2.5 to 40 plants/m('2)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Healthy velvetleaf, at densities of 2.5 to 40 plants/m('2), significantly reduced the dry weight of soybean leaves, stems, pod and seed, and in the leaf area index, pod number, and seed yield of soybeans grown in both row widths.”
Claim · model-written summary
Healthy velvetleaf significantly reduced soybean leaf area index, pod number, and seed yield.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Healthy velvetleafe0
- Interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- leaf area index, pod number, and seed yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 2.5 to 40 plants/m('2)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Healthy velvetleaf, at densities of 2.5 to 40 plants/m('2), significantly reduced the dry weight of soybean leaves, stems, pod and seed, and in the leaf area index, pod number, and seed yield of soybeans grown in both row widths.”
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow soybean rows reduced velvetleaf growth relative to wide rows.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- narrow rowse0
- Interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- growth of velvetleafe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- wide rowse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybeans grown in narrow rows reduced the growth of velvetleaf when compared to those grown in wide rows.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean growth and yield reduction caused by velvetleaf depended on weed density.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- growth and yield reductione0
- Qualifier
- weed densitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The magnitude of growth and yield reduction caused by velvetleaf was dependent upon weed density, but was influenced by growing season, row width, and soil type.”
t0“SOYBEANS”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean growth and yield reduction caused by velvetleaf was influenced by growing season, row width and soil type.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- growth and yield reductione0
- Qualifier
- growing season, row width, and soil typee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The magnitude of growth and yield reduction caused by velvetleaf was dependent upon weed density, but was influenced by growing season, row width, and soil type.”
t0“SOYBEANS”
Claim · model-written summary
V. dahliae was isolated from 65 to 97% of symptomatic velvetleaf.
- Taxon
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0
- Interactor
- V. dahliae
Verticillium dahliaee0pathogen - Outcome
- V. dahliae was isolatede0
- Value
- 65 to 97%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of the velvetleaf exhibiting disease symptoms, V. dahliae was isolated from 65 to 97% of the plants tested.”
Claim · model-written summary
Some velvetleaf plants were infected with Macrophomina phaseolina.
- Taxon
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolina Goid
Macrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen - Outcome
- infected with Macrophomina phaseolina Goide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some velvetleaf plants were also found to be infected with Macrophomina phaseolina Goid.”
Claim · model-written summary
Both pathogens concurrently infected 96% of wilt symptomatic velvetleaf.
- Taxon
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolina GoidMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- infected with both pathogens concurrentlye0
- Value
- 96%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of the velvetleaf exhibiting disease symptoms, V. dahliae was isolated from 65 to 97% of the plants tested. Some velvetleaf plants were also found to be infected with Macrophomina phaseolina Goid. Of the velvetleaf plants exhibiting wilt symptoms, 96% were found to be infected with both pathogens concurrently.”
Claim · model-written summary
V. dahliae infected 4% of tested soybean plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- infected with V. dahliaee0
- Value
- 4%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only 4% of the soybean plants tested were infected with V. dahliae and none were infected with M. phaseolina.”
Claim · model-written summary
No tested soybean plants were infected with M. phaseolina.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- none were infected with M. phaseolinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only 4% of the soybean plants tested were infected with V. dahliae and none were infected with M. phaseolina.”
Claim · model-written summary
Diseased velvetleaf reduced soybean seed yield by 1.5 to 8.5%.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Diseased velvetleafe0
- Interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- seed yield of soybeanse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 1.5 to 8.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diseased velvetleaf, at densities of 2.5 to 40 plants/m('2), caused 1.5 to 8.5% reduction in the seed yield of soybeans, while healthy velvetleaf reduced soybean seed yield by 18.5 to 52.5%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Healthy velvetleaf reduced soybean seed yield by 18.5 to 52.5%.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- healthy velvetleafe0
- Interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- soybean seed yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 18.5 to 52.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Diseased velvetleaf, at densities of 2.5 to 40 plants/m('2), caused 1.5 to 8.5% reduction in the seed yield of soybeans, while healthy velvetleaf reduced soybean seed yield by 18.5 to 52.5%.”
The same questions in other papers
Abutilon theophrasti · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Abutilon theophrasti · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →tillage · Abutilon theophrasti · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
tillage · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
263 papers in the same direction as this paper · 100 in the opposite direction · 26 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
386 papers more in this group
See all 390 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.