Abstract
Environmental stress factors caused by climate change affect plant growth and crop production, and pose a growing threat to sustainable agriculture, especially for tree crops. In this context, we sought to investigate the responses to climate change of two Prunus rootstocks (GF677 and Adesoto) budded with Catherina peach cultivar. Plants were grown in 15 L pots in temperature gradient greenhouses for an 18 days acclimation period after which six treatments were applied: [CO2 levels (400 versus 700 mol mol-1), temperature (ambient versus ambient + 4°C), and water availability (well irrigated versus drought)]. After 23 days, the effects of stress were evaluated as changes in physiological and biochemical traits, including expression of relevant genes. Stem water potential decreased under drought stress in plants grafted on GF677 and Adesoto rootstocks; however, elevated CO2 and temperature affected plant water content differently in both combinations. The photosynthetic rate of plants grafted on GF677 increased under high CO2, but decreased under high temperature and drought conditions. The photosynthetic rates of plants grafted onto Adesoto were only affected by drought treatment. Furthermore, in GF677-Catherina plants, elevated CO2 alleviated the effect of drought, whereas in those grafted onto Adesoto, the same condition produced acclimation in the rate. Stomatal conductance decreased under high CO2and drought stress in both graftedrootstocks, and the combination of these conditions improved water-use efficiency.Changes in the sugar content in scion leaves and roots were significantly differentunder the stress conditions in both combinations. Meanwhile, the expression of mostof the assessed genes was significantly affected by treatment. Regarding genotypes,GF677 rootstock showed more changes at the molecular and transcriptomic level thandid Adesoto rootstock. A coordinated shift was found between the physiological statusand the transcriptomic responses. This study revealed adaptive responses to climatechange at the physiological, metabolic, and transcriptomic levels in twoPrunusrootstocks budded with 'Catherina'. Overall, these results demonstrate the resilient capacity andplasticity of these contrasting genotypes, which can be further used to combat ongoingclimate changes and support sustainable peach production.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced stem water potential on GF677 and Adesoto rootstocks.
- Taxon
- peach
Prunus persicat0 - Material
- GF677 and Adesoto rootstockse0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- Stem water potentiale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem water potential decreased under drought stress in plants grafted on GF677 and Adesoto rootstocks; however, elevated CO2 and temperature affected plant water content differently in both combinations.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 and temperature affected water content differently across rootstock combinations.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Material
- both combinationse0
- Outcome
- plant water contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem water potential decreased under drought stress in plants grafted on GF677 and Adesoto rootstocks; however, elevated CO2 and temperature affected plant water content differently in both combinations.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 increased photosynthetic rate on GF677.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Material
- GF677e0
- Treatment
- high CO2e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photosynthetic rate of plants grafted on GF677 increased under high CO2, but decreased under high temperature and drought conditions.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature reduced photosynthetic rate on GF677.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Material
- GF677e0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photosynthetic rate of plants grafted on GF677 increased under high CO2, but decreased under high temperature and drought conditions.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced photosynthetic rate on GF677.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Material
- GF677e0
- Treatment
- drought conditionse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photosynthetic rate of plants grafted on GF677 increased under high CO2, but decreased under high temperature and drought conditions.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Only drought affected photosynthetic rates on Adesoto.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Material
- Adesotoe0
- Treatment
- drought treatmente0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photosynthetic rates of plants grafted onto Adesoto were only affected by drought treatment.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 alleviated the drought effect in GF677-Catherina plants.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Material
- GF677-Catherinae0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- effect of droughte0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, in GF677-Catherina plants, elevated CO2 alleviated the effect of drought, whereas in those grafted onto Adesoto, the same condition produced acclimation in the rate.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 produced acclimation of photosynthetic rate on Adesoto.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Material
- Adesotoe0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2e0
- Outcome
- acclimation in the ratee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, in GF677-Catherina plants, elevated CO2 alleviated the effect of drought, whereas in those grafted onto Adesoto, the same condition produced acclimation in the rate.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
High CO2 and drought reduced stomatal conductance in both rootstocks.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- high CO2and drought stresse0
- Outcome
- Stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomatal conductance decreased under high CO2and drought stress in both graftedrootstocks, and the combination of these conditions improved water-use efficiency.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined high CO2 and drought improved water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- combination of these conditionse0
- Outcome
- water-use efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stomatal conductance decreased under high CO2and drought stress in both graftedrootstocks, and the combination of these conditions improved water-use efficiency.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Scion leaf and root sugar content differed significantly under stress in both graft combinations.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Organ / stage
- scion leaves and rootse0
- Outcome
- sugar content in scion leaves and rootse0
- Direction
- differentundere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Changes in the sugar content in scion leaves and roots were significantly differentunder the stress conditions in both combinations.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment significantly affected expression of most assessed genes.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Outcome
- expression of mostof the assessed genese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, the expression of mostof the assessed genes was significantly affected by treatment.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
GF677 showed more molecular and transcriptomic changes than Adesoto.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Material
- GF677 rootstocke0
- Outcome
- changes at the molecular and transcriptomic levele0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- Adesoto rootstocke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regarding genotypes,GF677 rootstock showed more changes at the molecular and transcriptomic level thandid Adesoto rootstock.”
t0“peach”
Claim · model-written summary
Physiological status and transcriptomic responses shifted together.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicat0
- Outcome
- physiological statusand the transcriptomic responsese0
- Qualifier
- coordinated shifte0
Not reportedMaterialDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A coordinated shift was found between the physiological statusand the transcriptomic responses.”
t0“peach”
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