Abstract
The succession of main-season soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with off-season maize (Zea mays L.) is an important Brazilian agricultural system contributing to increased grain production without the need for crop land expansion. Yield-gap studies that identify the main factors threatening these crops are pivotal to increasing food security in Brazil and globally. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine, for the soybean–off-season-maize succession, the magnitude of the grain and revenue yield gap (YG) caused by water deficit (YGW) and suboptimal crop management (YGM), and to propose strategies for closing these gaps in different Brazilian regions. The ensemble of three previously calibrated and validated models (FAO-AZM, DSSAT and APSIM) was used to estimate yields of soybean and off-season maize for 28 locations in 12 states for a period of 34 years (1980–2013). Water deficit is the biggest problem for soybean and off-season maize crops in the regions of Cocos (state of Bahia), Buritis (Minas Gerais) and Formosa (Goiás), where the YGW accounted for ~70% of total YG. The YGM revealed that locations in the central region of Brazil, mainly in the state of Mato Grosso, presented an opportunity to increase yields of soybean and off-season maize, on average, by 927.5 and 909.6 5 kg ha–1, respectively. For soybean, YGM was the main cause of total YG in Brazil, accounting for 51.8%, whereas for maize, YGW corresponded to 53.8% of the total YG. Our results also showed that the choice of the best sowing date can contribute to reducing soybean YGW by 34–54% and off-season maize YGW by 66–89%.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit accounted for about 70% of total yield gap for soybean and off-season maize in Cocos, Buritis, and Formosa.
Verbatim
e0“Water deficit is the biggest problem for soybean and off-season maize crops in the regions of Cocos (state of Bahia), Buritis (Minas Gerais) and Formosa (Goiás), where the YGW accounted for ~70% of total YG.”
Claim · model-written summary
Better management could increase soybean yield by 927.5 kg ha–1 in central Brazil.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- yields of soybeane0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 927.5e0
- Setting
- central region of Brazile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“locations in the central region of Brazil, mainly in the state of Mato Grosso, presented an opportunity to increase yields of soybean and off-season maize, on average, by 927.5 and 909.6 5 kg ha–1, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Better management could increase off-season maize yield by 909.6 5 kg ha–1 in central Brazil.
Verbatim
e0“locations in the central region of Brazil, mainly in the state of Mato Grosso, presented an opportunity to increase yields of soybean and off-season maize, on average, by 927.5 and 909.6 5 kg ha–1, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Management yield gap accounted for 51.8% of total soybean yield gap in Brazil.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For soybean, YGM was the main cause of total YG in Brazil, accounting for 51.8%”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-deficit yield gap accounted for 53.8% of total maize yield gap in Brazil.
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for maize, YGW corresponded to 53.8% of the total YG.”
Claim · model-written summary
Choosing the best sowing date could reduce soybean water-deficit yield gap by 34–54%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- best sowing datee0
- Outcome
- soybean YGWe0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 34–54%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the choice of the best sowing date can contribute to reducing soybean YGW by 34–54%”
Claim · model-written summary
Choosing the best sowing date could reduce off-season maize water-deficit yield gap by 66–89%.
- Taxon
- off-season maizee0
- Treatment
- best sowing datee1
- Outcome
- off-season maize YGWe0
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Value
- 66–89%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“off-season maize YGW by 66–89%.”
e1“the choice of the best sowing date can contribute to reducing soybean YGW by 34–54% and off-season maize YGW by 66–89%”
The same questions in other papers
sowing time · organism · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.