Abstract
Four field experiments were conducted over a 2 yr period (2017 and 2018) in Ontario to determine the control of annual ryegrass (ARG) seeded in the fall of 2016 and 2017 (as a cover crop) with spring-applied glyphosate alone and in a tankmixure with clethodim, fluazifop-P-butyl, quizalofop-P-butyl, sethoxydim, or saflufenacil prior to seeding glyphosate-resistant corn. The doses of glyphosate needed to provide 50%, 80%, and 90% control of ARG were 439, 1757, and >2700 g a.e. ha −1 at 3 wk after treatment application (WAA); 526, 2105, and >2700 g a.e. ha −1 at 4 WAA; and 703, >2700, and >2700 g a.e. ha −1 at 6 WAA, respectively. Glyphosate (1350 g a.e. ha −1 ) controlled ARG 27%, 61%, 77%, 72%, and 68% at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 WAA, respectively. The tankmix of glyphosate (1350 a.e. ha −1 ) with clethodim (30 g a.i. ha −1 ), fluazifop-P-butyl (125 g a.i. ha −1 ), quizalofop-P-ethyl (36 g a.i. ha −1 ), sethoxydim (150 g a.i. ha −1 ), or saflufenacil (25 g a.i. ha −1 ) controlled ARG as much as 82%, 79%, 82%, 84%, and 81%, respectively. ARG control with the tankmixes of glyphosate (1350 a.e. ha −1 ) with the Group 1 herbicides evaluated increased corn yield as much as 66%. Additionally, reduced ARG interference with the tankmix of glyphosate (1350 a.e. ha −1 ) +saflufenacil (25 g a.i. ha −1 ) increased corn yield 69%. The best control of ARG was achieved with high doses of glyphosate alone and glyphosate (1350 g a.e. ha −1 ) tankmixed with a Group 1 herbicide or saflufenacil.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
At 3 weeks, glyphosate doses for 50%, 80% and 90% annual ryegrass control were 439, 1757 and >2700 g a.e. ha −1.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- control of ARGe0
- Value
- 439, 1757, and >2700 g a.e. ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The doses of glyphosate needed to provide 50%, 80%, and 90% control of ARG were 439, 1757, and >2700 g a.e. ha −1 at 3 wk after treatment application (WAA)”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4 weeks, the corresponding doses were 526, 2105 and >2700 g a.e. ha −1.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- 4 WAAe0
- Value
- 526, 2105, and >2700 g a.e. ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“526, 2105, and >2700 g a.e. ha −1 at 4 WAA”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
At 6 weeks, the corresponding doses were 703, >2700 and >2700 g a.e. ha −1.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- 6 WAAe0
- Value
- 703, >2700, and >2700 g a.e. ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“703, >2700, and >2700 g a.e. ha −1 at 6 WAA”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate alone controlled annual ryegrass by 27% to 77% across 1 to 6 weeks.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate (1350 g a.e. ha −1 )e0
- Outcome
- controlled ARGe0
- Value
- 27%, 61%, 77%, 72%, and 68%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate (1350 g a.e. ha −1 ) controlled ARG 27%, 61%, 77%, 72%, and 68% at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 WAA, respectively.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus clethodim controlled annual ryegrass as much as 82%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- clethodim (30 g a.i. ha −1 )e0
- Outcome
- controlled ARGe0
- Value
- 82%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“clethodim (30 g a.i. ha −1 ), fluazifop-P-butyl (125 g a.i. ha −1 ), quizalofop-P-ethyl (36 g a.i. ha −1 ), sethoxydim (150 g a.i. ha −1 ), or saflufenacil (25 g a.i. ha −1 ) controlled ARG as much as 82%, 79%, 82%, 84%, and 81%, respectively.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus fluazifop-P-butyl controlled annual ryegrass as much as 79%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- fluazifop-P-butyl (125 g a.i. ha −1 )e0
- Outcome
- controlled ARGe0
- Value
- 79%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fluazifop-P-butyl (125 g a.i. ha −1 ), quizalofop-P-ethyl (36 g a.i. ha −1 ), sethoxydim (150 g a.i. ha −1 ), or saflufenacil (25 g a.i. ha −1 ) controlled ARG as much as 82%, 79%, 82%, 84%, and 81%, respectively.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus quizalofop-P-ethyl controlled annual ryegrass as much as 82%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- quizalofop-P-ethyl (36 g a.i. ha −1 )e0
- Outcome
- controlled ARGe0
- Value
- 82%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“quizalofop-P-ethyl (36 g a.i. ha −1 ), sethoxydim (150 g a.i. ha −1 ), or saflufenacil (25 g a.i. ha −1 ) controlled ARG as much as 82%, 79%, 82%, 84%, and 81%, respectively.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus sethoxydim controlled annual ryegrass as much as 84%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- sethoxydim (150 g a.i. ha −1 )e0
- Outcome
- controlled ARGe0
- Value
- 84%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sethoxydim (150 g a.i. ha −1 ), or saflufenacil (25 g a.i. ha −1 ) controlled ARG as much as 82%, 79%, 82%, 84%, and 81%, respectively.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus saflufenacil controlled annual ryegrass as much as 81%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- saflufenacil (25 g a.i. ha −1 )e0
- Outcome
- controlled ARGe0
- Value
- 81%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“saflufenacil (25 g a.i. ha −1 ) controlled ARG as much as 82%, 79%, 82%, 84%, and 81%, respectively.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus Group 1 herbicides increased corn yield as much as 66%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- tankmixes of glyphosate (1350 a.e. ha −1 ) with the Group 1 herbicidese0
- Interactor
- annual ryegrasse1weed
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 66%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ARG control with the tankmixes of glyphosate (1350 a.e. ha −1 ) with the Group 1 herbicides evaluated increased corn yield as much as 66%.”
e1“annual ryegrass (ARG) seeded in the fall”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus saflufenacil increased corn yield 69% through reduced ryegrass interference.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- tankmix of glyphosate (1350 a.e. ha −1 ) +saflufenacil (25 g a.i. ha −1 )e0
- Interactor
- annual ryegrasse1weed
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 69%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced ARG interference with the tankmix of glyphosate (1350 a.e. ha −1 ) +saflufenacil (25 g a.i. ha −1 ) increased corn yield 69%”
e1“annual ryegrass (ARG) seeded in the fall”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded high glyphosate doses or glyphosate tank mixes gave the best ryegrass control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- best control of ARGe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best control of ARG was achieved with high doses of glyphosate alone and glyphosate (1350 g a.e. ha −1 ) tankmixed with a Group 1 herbicide or saflufenacil.”
t0“corn”
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