Abstract
Glyphosate needs to be partnered with other herbicides that have residual biological activity on ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) to improve the efficacy and consistency of annual ryegrass control in corn. Five field experiments were conducted from 2019 to 2021 near Exeter, Ontario to evaluate various glyphosate tank mixes applied preplant (PP) in the spring in corn for the control of annual ryegrass seeded as a cover crop in the fall of the previous year (2018 to 2020). At 1 week after application (WAA), all glyphosate tank mixes evaluated provided minimal annual ryegrass control (14-28%). At 2 WAA, the addition of dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil to glyphosate improved annual ryegrass control from 55% to 68%; there was no improvement in annual ryegrass control with the other 14 tank mixes evaluated. At 3 WAA, the addition of dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil and mesotrione + rimsulfuron to glyphosate controlled annual ryegrass 91 and 90%, respectively. At 4 WAA, the addition of dimethenamid-p, dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil, mesotrione + rimsulfuron, S-metholachlor, or bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlor to glyphosate improved annual ryegrass control 7, 7, 10, 8, and 6%, respectively. At 6 WAA, the addition of pyroxasulfone, pyroxasulfone + atrazine, dimethenamid-p, dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil, mesotrione + rimsulfuron, S-metholachlor, atrazine/S-metolachlor, or bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlor to glyphosate improved annual ryegrass control 10, 9, 12, 10, 17, 13, 10, and 12%, respectively but the addition of all other herbicides to glyphosate did not improve annual ryegrass control. Density and biomass reductions of annual ryegrass with glyphosate tank mix evaluated generally followed a similar trend as the visible control. Annual ryegrass interference reduced corn yield by up to 83% compared to the non-treated control. The addition of a residual herbicide to glyphosate did not result in an improvement in the seed yield of corn. Among the glyphosate tank mixes evaluated glyphosate + mesotrione + rimsulfuron provided the most consistent control of annual ryegrass in corn.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
At one week, glyphosate tank mixes gave only 14–28% annual ryegrass control.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Interactor
- Annual Ryegrasst1weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrass controle0
- Direction
- minimale0
- Value
- 14-28%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 1 week after application (WAA), all glyphosate tank mixes evaluated provided minimal annual ryegrass control (14-28%).”
t0“Corn”
t1“Annual Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At two weeks, dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil added to glyphosate increased ryegrass control from 55% to 68%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- dimethenamid-p/saflufenacile0
- Interactor
- Annual Ryegrasst1weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrass controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 68%e0
- Qualifier
- 55%e0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 2 WAA, the addition of dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil to glyphosate improved annual ryegrass control from 55% to 68%; there was no improvement in annual ryegrass control with the other 14 tank mixes evaluated.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Annual Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At three weeks, glyphosate with dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil controlled annual ryegrass at 91%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- dimethenamid-p/saflufenacile0
- Interactor
- Annual Ryegrasst1weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrasse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 91e0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 3 WAA, the addition of dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil and mesotrione + rimsulfuron to glyphosate controlled annual ryegrass 91 and 90%, respectively.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Annual Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At three weeks, glyphosate with mesotrione + rimsulfuron controlled annual ryegrass at 90%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- mesotrione + rimsulfurone0
- Interactor
- Annual Ryegrasst1weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrasse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 90%e0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 3 WAA, the addition of dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil and mesotrione + rimsulfuron to glyphosate controlled annual ryegrass 91 and 90%, respectively.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Annual Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4 WAA, dimethenamid-p improved annual ryegrass control by 7% in corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- dimethenamid-pe0
- Interactor
- Annual Ryegrasst1weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrass controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 7e0
- Qualifier
- 4 WAAe0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 4 WAA, the addition of dimethenamid-p, dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil, mesotrione + rimsulfuron, S-metholachlor, or bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlor to glyphosate improved annual ryegrass control 7, 7, 10, 8, and 6%, respectively.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Annual Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4 WAA, dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil improved annual ryegrass control by 7% in corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- dimethenamid-p/saflufenacile0
- Interactor
- Annual Ryegrasst1weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrass controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 7e0
- Qualifier
- 4 WAAe0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 4 WAA, the addition of dimethenamid-p, dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil, mesotrione + rimsulfuron, S-metholachlor, or bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlor to glyphosate improved annual ryegrass control 7, 7, 10, 8, and 6%, respectively.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Annual Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4 WAA, mesotrione + rimsulfuron improved annual ryegrass control by 10% in corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- mesotrione + rimsulfurone0
- Interactor
- Annual Ryegrasst1weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrass controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 10e0
- Qualifier
- 4 WAAe0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 4 WAA, the addition of dimethenamid-p, dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil, mesotrione + rimsulfuron, S-metholachlor, or bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlor to glyphosate improved annual ryegrass control 7, 7, 10, 8, and 6%, respectively.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Annual Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4 WAA, S-metholachlor improved annual ryegrass control by 8% in corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- S-metholachlore0
- Interactor
- Annual Ryegrasst1weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrass controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 8e0
- Qualifier
- 4 WAAe0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 4 WAA, the addition of dimethenamid-p, dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil, mesotrione + rimsulfuron, S-metholachlor, or bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlor to glyphosate improved annual ryegrass control 7, 7, 10, 8, and 6%, respectively.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Annual Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4 WAA, bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlor improved annual ryegrass control by 6% in corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlore0
- Interactor
- Annual Ryegrasst1weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrass controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 6e0
- Qualifier
- 4 WAAe0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 4 WAA, the addition of dimethenamid-p, dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil, mesotrione + rimsulfuron, S-metholachlor, or bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlor to glyphosate improved annual ryegrass control 7, 7, 10, 8, and 6%, respectively.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Annual Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At 6 WAA, pyroxasulfone improved annual ryegrass control by 10% in corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfonee0
- Interactor
- Annual Ryegrasst1weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrass controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 10e0
- Qualifier
- 6 WAAe0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 6 WAA, the addition of pyroxasulfone, pyroxasulfone + atrazine, dimethenamid-p, dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil, mesotrione + rimsulfuron, S-metholachlor, atrazine/S-metolachlor, or bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlor to glyphosate improved annual ryegrass control 10, 9, 12, 10, 17, 13, 10, and 12%, respectively but the addition of all other herbicides to glyphosate did not improve annual ryegrass control.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Annual Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At 6 WAA, pyroxasulfone + atrazine improved annual ryegrass control by 9% in corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfone + atrazinee0
- Interactor
- Annual Ryegrasst1weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrass controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 9e0
- Qualifier
- 6 WAAe0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 6 WAA, the addition of pyroxasulfone, pyroxasulfone + atrazine, dimethenamid-p, dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil, mesotrione + rimsulfuron, S-metholachlor, atrazine/S-metolachlor, or bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlor to glyphosate improved annual ryegrass control 10, 9, 12, 10, 17, 13, 10, and 12%, respectively but the addition of all other herbicides to glyphosate did not improve annual ryegrass control.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Annual Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At 6 WAA, dimethenamid-p improved annual ryegrass control by 12% in corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- dimethenamid-pe0
- Interactor
- Annual Ryegrasst1weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrass controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 12e0
- Qualifier
- 6 WAAe0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 6 WAA, the addition of pyroxasulfone, pyroxasulfone + atrazine, dimethenamid-p, dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil, mesotrione + rimsulfuron, S-metholachlor, atrazine/S-metolachlor, or bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlor to glyphosate improved annual ryegrass control 10, 9, 12, 10, 17, 13, 10, and 12%, respectively but the addition of all other herbicides to glyphosate did not improve annual ryegrass control.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Annual Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At 6 WAA, dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil improved annual ryegrass control by 10% in corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- dimethenamid-p/saflufenacile0
- Interactor
- Annual Ryegrasst1weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrass controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 10e0
- Qualifier
- 6 WAAe0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 6 WAA, the addition of pyroxasulfone, pyroxasulfone + atrazine, dimethenamid-p, dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil, mesotrione + rimsulfuron, S-metholachlor, atrazine/S-metolachlor, or bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlor to glyphosate improved annual ryegrass control 10, 9, 12, 10, 17, 13, 10, and 12%, respectively but the addition of all other herbicides to glyphosate did not improve annual ryegrass control.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Annual Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At 6 WAA, mesotrione + rimsulfuron improved annual ryegrass control by 17% in corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- mesotrione + rimsulfurone0
- Interactor
- Annual Ryegrasst1weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrass controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 17e0
- Qualifier
- 6 WAAe0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 6 WAA, the addition of pyroxasulfone, pyroxasulfone + atrazine, dimethenamid-p, dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil, mesotrione + rimsulfuron, S-metholachlor, atrazine/S-metolachlor, or bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlor to glyphosate improved annual ryegrass control 10, 9, 12, 10, 17, 13, 10, and 12%, respectively but the addition of all other herbicides to glyphosate did not improve annual ryegrass control.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Annual Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At 6 WAA, S-metholachlor improved annual ryegrass control by 13% in corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- S-metholachlore0
- Interactor
- Annual Ryegrasst1weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrass controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 13e0
- Qualifier
- 6 WAAe0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 6 WAA, the addition of pyroxasulfone, pyroxasulfone + atrazine, dimethenamid-p, dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil, mesotrione + rimsulfuron, S-metholachlor, atrazine/S-metolachlor, or bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlor to glyphosate improved annual ryegrass control 10, 9, 12, 10, 17, 13, 10, and 12%, respectively but the addition of all other herbicides to glyphosate did not improve annual ryegrass control.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Annual Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At 6 WAA, atrazine/S-metolachlor improved annual ryegrass control by 10% in corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- atrazine/S-metolachlore0
- Interactor
- Annual Ryegrasst1weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrass controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 10e0
- Qualifier
- 6 WAAe0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 6 WAA, the addition of pyroxasulfone, pyroxasulfone + atrazine, dimethenamid-p, dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil, mesotrione + rimsulfuron, S-metholachlor, atrazine/S-metolachlor, or bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlor to glyphosate improved annual ryegrass control 10, 9, 12, 10, 17, 13, 10, and 12%, respectively but the addition of all other herbicides to glyphosate did not improve annual ryegrass control.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Annual Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At 6 WAA, bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlor improved annual ryegrass control by 12% in corn.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlore0
- Interactor
- Annual Ryegrasst1weed
- Outcome
- annual ryegrass controle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 12e0
- Qualifier
- 6 WAAe0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 6 WAA, the addition of pyroxasulfone, pyroxasulfone + atrazine, dimethenamid-p, dimethenamid-p/saflufenacil, mesotrione + rimsulfuron, S-metholachlor, atrazine/S-metolachlor, or bicyclopyrone/mesotrione/S-metolachlor to glyphosate improved annual ryegrass control 10, 9, 12, 10, 17, 13, 10, and 12%, respectively but the addition of all other herbicides to glyphosate did not improve annual ryegrass control.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Annual Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual ryegrass interference reduced corn yield by up to 83%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Interactor
- Annual ryegrasse0weed
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 83%e0
- Comparator
- non-treated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Annual ryegrass interference reduced corn yield by up to 83% compared to the non-treated control.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding a residual herbicide to glyphosate did not improve corn seed yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- addition of a residual herbicide to glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- seed yield of corne0
- Direction
- did not result in an improvemente0
- Comparator
- glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of a residual herbicide to glyphosate did not result in an improvement in the seed yield of corn.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate plus mesotrione plus rimsulfuron provided the most consistent ryegrass control in corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- glyphosate + mesotrione + rimsulfurone0
- Interactor
- Annual Ryegrasst1weed
- Outcome
- control of annual ryegrasse0
- Direction
- most consistente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the glyphosate tank mixes evaluated glyphosate + mesotrione + rimsulfuron provided the most consistent control of annual ryegrass in corn.”
t0“Corn”
t1“Annual Ryegrass”
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See all 8 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.