Abstract
Abstract A 3-year fixed site experiment was carried out on a Planosol in Northeast China to study the effects of biochar and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield, nitrogen-use efficiency, residual nitrogen, and nitrogen balance in soil-crop system. Five treatments were established: control (CK), bare urea (BU), controlled-release urea (CRU), 50% BU + 50% CRU (MBC), and 50% BU + 50% CRU + biochar (MBCB) treatments. The results showed that, compared with the BU treatment, the yield, N-use efficiency (NUE) and N agronomic efficiency (NAE) of the CRU treatment increased by 12.2%, 33.9% and 4.3 kg kg −1 , respectively; while the soil residual N and N surplus at harvest decreased by 11.6% and 10.7%, respectively. Compared with the MBC treatment, the yield, NUE and NAE of the MBCB treatment increased by 10.2%, 16.5% and 4.0 kg kg −1 , respectively; while the soil residual N and N surplus at harvest decreased by 10.8% and 12.3%, respectively. Therefore, mixed application of bare urea, controlled-release urea and biochar was effective for obtaining high rice yield, and high fertilization efficiency as well as for sustainable agricultural development in Northeast China.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
CRU raised rice yield by 12.2% versus BU.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- CRUe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.2%e0
- Comparator
- BUe0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with the BU treatment, the yield, N-use efficiency (NUE) and N agronomic efficiency (NAE) of the CRU treatment increased by 12.2%, 33.9% and 4.3 kg kg −1 , respectively; while the soil residual N and N surplus at harvest decreased by 11.6% and 10.7%, respectively.”
t0“Effects of Mixed Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer with Rice Straw Biochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Balance in Northeast China”
Claim · model-written summary
CRU raised rice NUE by 33.9% versus BU.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CRUe0
- Outcome
- N-use efficiency (NUE)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 33.9%e0
- Comparator
- BUe0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with the BU treatment, the yield, N-use efficiency (NUE) and N agronomic efficiency (NAE) of the CRU treatment increased by 12.2%, 33.9% and 4.3 kg kg −1 , respectively; while the soil residual N and N surplus at harvest decreased by 11.6% and 10.7%, respectively.”
t0“Effects of Mixed Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer with Rice Straw Biochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Balance in Northeast China”
Claim · model-written summary
CRU raised rice NAE by 4.3 kg kg −1 versus BU.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CRUe0
- Outcome
- N agronomic efficiency (NAE)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.3 kg kg −1e0
- Comparator
- BUe0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with the BU treatment, the yield, N-use efficiency (NUE) and N agronomic efficiency (NAE) of the CRU treatment increased by 12.2%, 33.9% and 4.3 kg kg −1 , respectively; while the soil residual N and N surplus at harvest decreased by 11.6% and 10.7%, respectively.”
t0“Effects of Mixed Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer with Rice Straw Biochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Balance in Northeast China”
Claim · model-written summary
CRU lowered soil residual N by 11.6% versus BU.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CRUe0
- Outcome
- soil residual Ne0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 11.6%e0
- Comparator
- BUe0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with the BU treatment, the yield, N-use efficiency (NUE) and N agronomic efficiency (NAE) of the CRU treatment increased by 12.2%, 33.9% and 4.3 kg kg −1 , respectively; while the soil residual N and N surplus at harvest decreased by 11.6% and 10.7%, respectively.”
t0“Effects of Mixed Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer with Rice Straw Biochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Balance in Northeast China”
Claim · model-written summary
CRU lowered soil N surplus by 10.7% versus BU.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CRUe0
- Outcome
- N surplus at harveste0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 10.7%e0
- Comparator
- BUe0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with the BU treatment, the yield, N-use efficiency (NUE) and N agronomic efficiency (NAE) of the CRU treatment increased by 12.2%, 33.9% and 4.3 kg kg −1 , respectively; while the soil residual N and N surplus at harvest decreased by 11.6% and 10.7%, respectively.”
t0“Effects of Mixed Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer with Rice Straw Biochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Balance in Northeast China”
Claim · model-written summary
MBCB raised rice yield by 10.2% versus MBC.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MBCBe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10.2%e0
- Comparator
- MBCe0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the MBC treatment, the yield, NUE and NAE of the MBCB treatment increased by 10.2%, 16.5% and 4.0 kg kg −1 , respectively; while the soil residual N and N surplus at harvest decreased by 10.8% and 12.3%, respectively.”
t0“Effects of Mixed Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer with Rice Straw Biochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Balance in Northeast China”
Claim · model-written summary
MBCB raised rice NUE by 16.5% versus MBC.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MBCBe0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16.5%e0
- Comparator
- MBCe0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the MBC treatment, the yield, NUE and NAE of the MBCB treatment increased by 10.2%, 16.5% and 4.0 kg kg −1 , respectively; while the soil residual N and N surplus at harvest decreased by 10.8% and 12.3%, respectively.”
t0“Effects of Mixed Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer with Rice Straw Biochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Balance in Northeast China”
Claim · model-written summary
MBCB raised rice NAE by 4.0 kg kg −1 versus MBC.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MBCBe0
- Outcome
- NAEe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.0 kg kg −1e0
- Comparator
- MBCe0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the MBC treatment, the yield, NUE and NAE of the MBCB treatment increased by 10.2%, 16.5% and 4.0 kg kg −1 , respectively; while the soil residual N and N surplus at harvest decreased by 10.8% and 12.3%, respectively.”
t0“Effects of Mixed Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer with Rice Straw Biochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Balance in Northeast China”
Claim · model-written summary
MBCB lowered soil residual N by 10.8% versus MBC.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MBCBe0
- Outcome
- soil residual Ne0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 10.8%e0
- Comparator
- MBCe0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the MBC treatment, the yield, NUE and NAE of the MBCB treatment increased by 10.2%, 16.5% and 4.0 kg kg −1 , respectively; while the soil residual N and N surplus at harvest decreased by 10.8% and 12.3%, respectively.”
t0“Effects of Mixed Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer with Rice Straw Biochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Balance in Northeast China”
Claim · model-written summary
MBCB lowered soil N surplus by 12.3% versus MBC.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- MBCBe0
- Outcome
- N surplus at harveste0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 12.3%e0
- Comparator
- MBCe0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the MBC treatment, the yield, NUE and NAE of the MBCB treatment increased by 10.2%, 16.5% and 4.0 kg kg −1 , respectively; while the soil residual N and N surplus at harvest decreased by 10.8% and 12.3%, respectively.”
t0“Effects of Mixed Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer with Rice Straw Biochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Balance in Northeast China”
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