Abstract
One-time application of blended controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRN) has the potential to solve the difficulty of top-dressing fertilizer in the cultivation of rice and reduce the cost of CRN fertilizer application. However, its effects on rice dry matter and nitrogen (N) accumulation and translocation, yield and N-use efficiency (NUE) remain uncertain. Field experiments were carried out at three sites (Mingguang, Chaohu, and Guichi) in the Yangtze River Delta in China to compare the effects of the conventional split applications of urea and the blended CRN and on post-anthesis dry matter and N accumulation and translocation, yield, and NUE in rice at 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg N ha -1 . The results showed that at the equal N application rates, compared under the conventional N fertilizer treatment, the blended CRN application significantly increased the rice yield by an average of 0.9-6.9%, mainly due to increase the number of spikelets per panicle. The highest yield achieved with blended CRN treatment occurred at 200 kg N ha -1 , with an NUE of 45.9%. Moreover, in comparison to the conventional N fertilizer, the blended CRN treatment increased pre-anthesis N translocation (Pre-NT) by 1.0-19.8%, and the contribution of pre-NT to grain N by 0.2-8.7%, and NUE by 3.2-28.4%. Meanwhile, the blended CRN treatment reduced labor costs by 1800 Yuan ha -1 and enhanced the economic gains by 21.5-68.8%. Therefore, one-time application of blended CRN ≤ 200 kg N ha -1 application rate improved rice yield, NUE, and economic profit compared to equivalent rates of split applied conventional N fertilizers.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Blended CRN increased rice yield by 0.9-6.9% at equal N rates.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- blended CRN applicatione0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.9-6.9%e0
- Comparator
- conventional N fertilizer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at the equal N application rates, compared under the conventional N fertilizer treatment, the blended CRN application significantly increased the rice yield by an average of 0.9-6.9%”
e1“at the equal N application rates, compared under the conventional N fertilizer treatment, the blended CRN application significantly increased the rice yield by an average of 0.9-6.9%”
e2“The highest yield achieved with blended CRN treatment occurred at 200 kg N ha -1 , with an NUE of 45.9%”
Claim · model-written summary
Blended CRN increased spikelets per panicle.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- blended CRNe1
- Outcome
- number of spikelets per paniclee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- conventional N fertilizere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mainly due to increase the number of spikelets per panicle”
t0“rice”
e1“at the equal N application rates, compared under the conventional N fertilizer treatment, the blended CRN application significantly increased the rice yield by an average of 0.9-6.9%”
e2“The highest yield achieved with blended CRN treatment occurred at 200 kg N ha -1 , with an NUE of 45.9%”
Claim · model-written summary
Blended CRN reached highest yield at 200 kg N ha -1 with NUE of 45.9%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- blended CRN treatmente0
- Outcome
- highest yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 200 kg N ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- NUE of 45.9%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield achieved with blended CRN treatment occurred at 200 kg N ha -1 , with an NUE of 45.9%”
t0“rice”
e1“at the equal N application rates, compared under the conventional N fertilizer treatment, the blended CRN application significantly increased the rice yield by an average of 0.9-6.9%”
e2“The highest yield achieved with blended CRN treatment occurred at 200 kg N ha -1 , with an NUE of 45.9%”
Claim · model-written summary
Blended CRN increased pre-anthesis N translocation by 1.0-19.8%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- blended CRN treatmente0
- Outcome
- pre-anthesis N translocation (Pre-NT)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.0-19.8%e0
- Comparator
- conventional N fertilizere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the blended CRN treatment increased pre-anthesis N translocation (Pre-NT) by 1.0-19.8%”
t0“rice”
e1“at the equal N application rates, compared under the conventional N fertilizer treatment, the blended CRN application significantly increased the rice yield by an average of 0.9-6.9%”
e2“The highest yield achieved with blended CRN treatment occurred at 200 kg N ha -1 , with an NUE of 45.9%”
Claim · model-written summary
Blended CRN increased the pre-anthesis N translocation contribution to grain N by 0.2-8.7%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- blended CRN treatmente2
- Outcome
- contribution of pre-NT to grain Ne0
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 0.2-8.7%e0
- Comparator
- conventional N fertilizere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contribution of pre-NT to grain N by 0.2-8.7%”
t0“rice”
e1“at the equal N application rates, compared under the conventional N fertilizer treatment, the blended CRN application significantly increased the rice yield by an average of 0.9-6.9%”
e2“The highest yield achieved with blended CRN treatment occurred at 200 kg N ha -1 , with an NUE of 45.9%”
Claim · model-written summary
Blended CRN increased NUE by 3.2-28.4%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- blended CRN treatmente2
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 3.2-28.4%e0
- Comparator
- conventional N fertilizere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and NUE by 3.2-28.4%”
t0“rice”
e1“at the equal N application rates, compared under the conventional N fertilizer treatment, the blended CRN application significantly increased the rice yield by an average of 0.9-6.9%”
e2“The highest yield achieved with blended CRN treatment occurred at 200 kg N ha -1 , with an NUE of 45.9%”
Claim · model-written summary
Blended CRN reduced labor costs by 1800 Yuan ha -1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- blended CRN treatmente0
- Outcome
- labor costse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1800 Yuan ha -1e0
- Comparator
- conventional N fertilizere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the blended CRN treatment reduced labor costs by 1800 Yuan ha -1”
t0“rice”
e1“at the equal N application rates, compared under the conventional N fertilizer treatment, the blended CRN application significantly increased the rice yield by an average of 0.9-6.9%”
e2“The highest yield achieved with blended CRN treatment occurred at 200 kg N ha -1 , with an NUE of 45.9%”
Claim · model-written summary
Blended CRN increased economic gains by 21.5-68.8%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- blended CRN treatmente2
- Outcome
- economic gainse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 21.5-68.8%e0
- Comparator
- conventional N fertilizere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced the economic gains by 21.5-68.8%”
t0“rice”
e1“at the equal N application rates, compared under the conventional N fertilizer treatment, the blended CRN application significantly increased the rice yield by an average of 0.9-6.9%”
e2“The highest yield achieved with blended CRN treatment occurred at 200 kg N ha -1 , with an NUE of 45.9%”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend one-time blended CRN at no more than 200 kg N ha -1 for rice yield, NUE, and profit.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- one-time application of blended CRN ≤ 200 kg N ha -1 application ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one-time application of blended CRN ≤ 200 kg N ha -1 application rate improved rice yield, NUE, and economic profit compared to equivalent rates of split applied conventional N fertilizers”
e1“at the equal N application rates, compared under the conventional N fertilizer treatment, the blended CRN application significantly increased the rice yield by an average of 0.9-6.9%”
e2“The highest yield achieved with blended CRN treatment occurred at 200 kg N ha -1 , with an NUE of 45.9%”
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