Abstract
In this work the effect of the addition of different amounts of cattle slurry (CS) to a Cd contaminated soil, was studied regarding its effect in spinach plants. Two levels of Cd contamination (2 and 10 mg/kg) and three levels of CS addition were evaluated (2.5, 5 and 10 g CS/100 g soil). Spinach was shown to be a tolerant species, able to accumulate relatively high amounts of Cd (up to 367.7 mg/kg in the leaves), exceeding the limits established by European regulations for leaf vegetables. The addition of 2.5 and 5 g CS/100 g to soil containing 2 mg/kg Cd did not reduce the uptake of this metal but allowed the plants to grow as much as the control. The addition of 10 g CS/100 g lead to a reduced Cd uptake but also to a lower plant growth compared to the lower CS levels. The combined effects of Cd and CS changed element content in the plant, but without causing severe toxicity or deficiency effects.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Spinach accumulated relatively high amounts of Cd in its leaves (up to 367.7 mg/kg) and was a tolerant species.
- Taxon
- Spinach
Spinacia oleraceat0 - Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Outcome
- accumulate relatively high amounts of Cde1
- Value
- up to 367.7 mg/kge1
- Qualifier
- tolerant speciese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth of Spinach Plants”
e1“Spinach was shown to be a tolerant species, able to accumulate relatively high amounts of Cd (up to 367.7 mg/kg in the leaves), exceeding the limits established by European regulations for leaf vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinach leaf Cd exceeded the limits established by European regulations for leaf vegetables.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Outcome
- exceeding the limits established by European regulations for leaf vegetablese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth of Spinach Plants”
e1“Spinach was shown to be a tolerant species, able to accumulate relatively high amounts of Cd (up to 367.7 mg/kg in the leaves), exceeding the limits established by European regulations for leaf vegetables”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 2.5 and 5 g CS/100 g to soil with 2 mg/kg Cd did not reduce Cd uptake by spinach.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 2.5 and 5 g CS/100 ge2
- Outcome
- uptake of this metale2
- Direction
- did not reducee2
- Comparator
- the controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth of Spinach Plants”
e2“The addition of 2.5 and 5 g CS/100 g to soil containing 2 mg/kg Cd did not reduce the uptake of this metal but allowed the plants to grow as much as the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 2.5 and 5 g CS/100 g to soil with 2 mg/kg Cd allowed spinach to grow as much as the control.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 2.5 and 5 g CS/100 ge2
- Outcome
- growe2
- Direction
- as much ase2
- Comparator
- the controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth of Spinach Plants”
e2“The addition of 2.5 and 5 g CS/100 g to soil containing 2 mg/kg Cd did not reduce the uptake of this metal but allowed the plants to grow as much as the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 10 g CS/100 g reduced Cd uptake by spinach.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 10 g CS/100 ge3
- Outcome
- Cd uptakee3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth of Spinach Plants”
e3“The addition of 10 g CS/100 g lead to a reduced Cd uptake but also to a lower plant growth compared to the lower CS levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 10 g CS/100 g lowered spinach plant growth compared with the lower CS levels.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- 10 g CS/100 ge3
- Outcome
- plant growthe3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Comparator
- lower CS levelse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth of Spinach Plants”
e3“The addition of 10 g CS/100 g lead to a reduced Cd uptake but also to a lower plant growth compared to the lower CS levels”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined effects of Cd and cattle slurry changed element content in spinach without severe toxicity or deficiency effects.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- combined effects of Cd and CSe4
- Outcome
- element content in the plante4
- Direction
- changede4
- Qualifier
- without causing severe toxicity or deficiency effectse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth of Spinach Plants”
e4“The combined effects of Cd and CS changed element content in the plant, but without causing severe toxicity or deficiency effects”
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See all 79 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.