Abstract
The present study was conducted in kharif seasons of 2015, 2016 and 2017 at experimental farm of Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur (Rajasthan) to study efficacy of different weed management practices in clusterbean. Three years result shows that compared to weedy check (6.82 m-2) application of Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb one hand weeding recorded lowest weed density (3.58 m-2). Among herbicidal treatments, Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS (83.7%) and Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as PE+ Imazathapyr+ Imazamox @ 40g a.i./ha PoE (74.0%) recorded highest weed control efficiency. Likewise, application of Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS and Pendimethalin 0.75kg/ha at PE fb Imazathapyr + Imazamox @ 40g a.i. ha-1 recorded significantly higher seed (1136 kg ha-1 and 1009 kg ha-1), haulm (3304 kg ha-1 and 2943 kg ha-1) and biological yield (4440 kg ha-1 and 3953 kg ha-1), respectively over other herbicidal treatments. Economic evaluation indicated that application of Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 and which was followed by with Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as PE+ Imazathapyr+ Imazamox@ 40g a.i./ha recorded, gross return (INR 55352 ha-1 and INR 49189 ha-1) net returns (INR 38852 ha-1 and INR 34289 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.35 and 2.20), respectively. Whereas, minimum cost of cultivation (INR 10000 ha-1) and gross returns (INR 25632 ha-1), net returns (INR 15632 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.56) were recorded under weed check. So looking to the laborious pressure of hand weeding, cost effectiveness ease of application of chemical herbicides, application of Pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 fb one hand weeding can be an effective weed control option in cluster bean crop with higher seed and haulm yield under Semi-arid and Arid regions of Rajasthan.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin followed by hand weeding gave the lowest weed density, 3.58 m-2 versus 6.82 m-2 in the weedy check.
- Taxon
- Cluster Bean
Cyamopsis tetragonolobat0 - Treatment
- Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb one hand weedinge0
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 3.58 m-2e0
- Qualifier
- 6.82 m-2e0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared to weedy check (6.82 m-2) application of Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 as PE fb one hand weeding recorded lowest weed density (3.58 m-2)”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin followed by hand weeding achieved 83.7% weed control efficiency.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 DASe0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 83.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS (83.7%) and Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as PE+ Imazathapyr+ Imazamox @ 40g a.i./ha PoE (74.0%) recorded highest weed control efficiency”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin followed by Imazathapyr and Imazamox achieved 74.0% weed control efficiency.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as PE+ Imazathapyr+ Imazamox @ 40g a.i./ha PoEe0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 74.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS (83.7%) and Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as PE+ Imazathapyr+ Imazamox @ 40g a.i./ha PoE (74.0%) recorded highest weed control efficiency”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus hand weeding produced significantly higher seed yield of 1136 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 DASe0
- Outcome
- seede0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1136 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- other herbicidal treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS and Pendimethalin 0.75kg/ha at PE fb Imazathapyr + Imazamox @ 40g a.i. ha-1 recorded significantly higher seed (1136 kg ha-1 and 1009 kg ha-1), haulm (3304 kg ha-1 and 2943 kg ha-1) and biological yield (4440 kg ha-1 and 3953 kg ha-1), respectively over other herbicidal treatments”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus mixed herbicides produced significantly higher seed yield of 1009 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin 0.75kg/ha at PE fb Imazathapyr + Imazamox @ 40g a.i. ha-1e0
- Outcome
- seede0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1009 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- other herbicidal treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS and Pendimethalin 0.75kg/ha at PE fb Imazathapyr + Imazamox @ 40g a.i. ha-1 recorded significantly higher seed (1136 kg ha-1 and 1009 kg ha-1), haulm (3304 kg ha-1 and 2943 kg ha-1) and biological yield (4440 kg ha-1 and 3953 kg ha-1), respectively over other herbicidal treatments”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus hand weeding produced haulm yield of 3304 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 DASe0
- Outcome
- haulme0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3304 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- other herbicidal treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS and Pendimethalin 0.75kg/ha at PE fb Imazathapyr + Imazamox @ 40g a.i. ha-1 recorded significantly higher seed (1136 kg ha-1 and 1009 kg ha-1), haulm (3304 kg ha-1 and 2943 kg ha-1) and biological yield (4440 kg ha-1 and 3953 kg ha-1), respectively over other herbicidal treatments”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus mixed herbicides produced haulm yield of 2943 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin 0.75kg/ha at PE fb Imazathapyr + Imazamox @ 40g a.i. ha-1e0
- Outcome
- haulme0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2943 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- other herbicidal treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS and Pendimethalin 0.75kg/ha at PE fb Imazathapyr + Imazamox @ 40g a.i. ha-1 recorded significantly higher seed (1136 kg ha-1 and 1009 kg ha-1), haulm (3304 kg ha-1 and 2943 kg ha-1) and biological yield (4440 kg ha-1 and 3953 kg ha-1), respectively over other herbicidal treatments”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus hand weeding produced biological yield of 4440 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 DASe0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4440 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- other herbicidal treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS and Pendimethalin 0.75kg/ha at PE fb Imazathapyr + Imazamox @ 40g a.i. ha-1 recorded significantly higher seed (1136 kg ha-1 and 1009 kg ha-1), haulm (3304 kg ha-1 and 2943 kg ha-1) and biological yield (4440 kg ha-1 and 3953 kg ha-1), respectively over other herbicidal treatments”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus mixed herbicides produced biological yield of 3953 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin 0.75kg/ha at PE fb Imazathapyr + Imazamox @ 40g a.i. ha-1e0
- Outcome
- biological yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3953 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- other herbicidal treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 DAS and Pendimethalin 0.75kg/ha at PE fb Imazathapyr + Imazamox @ 40g a.i. ha-1 recorded significantly higher seed (1136 kg ha-1 and 1009 kg ha-1), haulm (3304 kg ha-1 and 2943 kg ha-1) and biological yield (4440 kg ha-1 and 3953 kg ha-1), respectively over other herbicidal treatments”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus hand weeding gave gross return INR 55352 ha-1.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25e0
- Outcome
- gross returne0
- Value
- INR 55352 ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25 and which was followed by with Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as PE+ Imazathapyr+ Imazamox@ 40g a.i./ha recorded, gross return (INR 55352 ha-1 and INR 49189 ha-1) net returns (INR 38852 ha-1 and INR 34289 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.35 and 2.20), respectively”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus mixed herbicides gave gross return INR 49189 ha-1.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as PE+ Imazathapyr+ Imazamox@ 40g a.i./hae0
- Outcome
- gross returne0
- Value
- INR 49189 ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as PE+ Imazathapyr+ Imazamox@ 40g a.i./ha recorded, gross return (INR 55352 ha-1 and INR 49189 ha-1) net returns (INR 38852 ha-1 and INR 34289 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.35 and 2.20), respectively”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus hand weeding gave net return INR 38852 ha-1.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25e1
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Value
- INR 38852 ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gross return (INR 55352 ha-1 and INR 49189 ha-1) net returns (INR 38852 ha-1 and INR 34289 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.35 and 2.20), respectively”
e1“Economic evaluation indicated that application of Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus mixed herbicides gave net return INR 34289 ha-1.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as PE+ Imazathapyr+ Imazamox@ 40g a.i./hae1
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Value
- INR 34289 ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“net returns (INR 38852 ha-1 and INR 34289 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.35 and 2.20), respectively”
e1“Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as PE+ Imazathapyr+ Imazamox@ 40g a.i./ha”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus hand weeding gave B:C ratio 2.35.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25e1
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Value
- 2.35e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B:C ratio (2.35 and 2.20), respectively”
e1“Economic evaluation indicated that application of Pendimethalin @ 0.75kg a.i/ha as PE fb one hand weeding at 25”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus mixed herbicides gave B:C ratio 2.20.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as PE+ Imazathapyr+ Imazamox@ 40g a.i./hae1
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Value
- 2.20e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B:C ratio (2.35 and 2.20), respectively”
e1“Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha as PE+ Imazathapyr+ Imazamox@ 40g a.i./ha”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Weedy check had minimum cultivation cost of INR 10000 ha-1.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- weed checke0
- Outcome
- cost of cultivatione0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- INR 10000 ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimum cost of cultivation (INR 10000 ha-1) and gross returns (INR 25632 ha-1), net returns (INR 15632 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.56) were recorded under weed check”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Weedy check gross return was INR 25632 ha-1.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- weed checke0
- Outcome
- gross returnse0
- Value
- INR 25632 ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gross returns (INR 25632 ha-1), net returns (INR 15632 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.56) were recorded under weed check”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Weedy check net return was INR 15632 ha-1.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- weed checke0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Value
- INR 15632 ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“net returns (INR 15632 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.56) were recorded under weed check”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Weedy check B:C ratio was 1.56.
- Taxon
- Cluster BeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- weed checke0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Value
- 1.56e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B:C ratio (1.56) were recorded under weed check”
t0“Cluster Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend pendimethalin followed by one hand weeding as an effective weed control option with higher seed and haulm yields.
- Taxon
- cluster beanCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 fb one hand weedinge0
- Outcome
- effective weed control optione0
- Setting
- Semi-arid and Arid regions of Rajasthane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Pendimethalin 0.75 kg ha-1 fb one hand weeding can be an effective weed control option in cluster bean crop with higher seed and haulm yield under Semi-arid and Arid regions of Rajasthan”
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