Abstract
Nowadays, calcium (Ca2+) and methylglyoxal (MG) are all deemed to be second messengers in plants, which participate in various physiological processes, such as seed germination, seedling establishment, plant growth and development, as well as response to environmental stress. However, the Ca2+-MG interaction in the development of thermotolerance in maize seedlings remains unclear. Here, using maize seedlings as materials, the crosstalk between Ca2+ and MG signaling in the acquisition of thermotolerance was explored. The results showed that root-irrigation with Ca2+ and MG alone or in combination increased the survival rate of maize seedlings under heat stress, mitigated the decrease in the tissue vitality, and reduced the membrane lipid peroxidation (in term of the content of malondialdehyde), indicating that Ca2+ and MG could improve the thermotolerance in maize seedlings. In addition, MG-improved thermotolerance was impaired by ethylene glycol-bis(b-aminoethylether)-N,N,N΄,N΄-tetraacetic acid (a Ca2+ chelator), La3+ (plasma membrane Ca2+ channel blocker), ruthenium red (a mitochondrial Ca2+ channel blocker), neomycin (vacuole Ca2+ channel blocker), caffeine (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channel blocker), and calmodulin antagonists (chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine), respectively. Also, MG scavengers (N-acetyl-cysteine, aminoguanidine, and vitamin B6) had no significant effect on Ca2+-triggered thermotolerance (in terms of survival rate, malondialdehyde, and tissue vitality) of maize seedlings. The data illustrated that calcium signaling regulated MG-improved thermotolerance in maize seedlings by mobilizing intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ pools.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium, methylglyoxal, and their combination increased maize seedling survival during heat stress.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root-irrigation with Ca2+ and MG alone or in combination increased the survival rate of maize seedlings under heat stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatments mitigated loss of tissue vitality during heat stress.
- Treatment
- Ca2+ and MG alone or in combinatione0
- Outcome
- tissue vitalitye0
- Direction
- mitigated the decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root-irrigation with Ca2+ and MG alone or in combination increased the survival rate of maize seedlings under heat stress, mitigated the decrease in the tissue vitality”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatments reduced membrane lipid peroxidation.
- Treatment
- Ca2+ and MG alone or in combinatione0
- Outcome
- membrane lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root-irrigation with Ca2+ and MG alone or in combination increased the survival rate of maize seedlings under heat stress, mitigated the decrease in the tissue vitality, and reduced the membrane lipid peroxidation (in term of the content of malondialdehyde)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chelators, channel blockers, and calmodulin antagonists impaired methylglyoxal-induced heat tolerance.
- Treatment
- ethylene glycol-bis(b-aminoethylether)-N,N,N΄,N΄-tetraacetic acide0
- Outcome
- MG-improved thermotolerancee0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“MG-improved thermotolerance was impaired by ethylene glycol-bis(b-aminoethylether)-N,N,N΄,N΄-tetraacetic acid (a Ca2+ chelator), La3+ (plasma membrane Ca2+ channel blocker), ruthenium red (a mitochondrial Ca2+ channel blocker), neomycin (vacuole Ca2+ channel blocker), caffeine (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channel blocker), and calmodulin antagonists (chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine)”
Claim · model-written summary
Methylglyoxal scavengers had no significant effect on calcium-triggered thermotolerance.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MG scavengers (N-acetyl-cysteine, aminoguanidine, and vitamin B6) had no significant effect on Ca2+-triggered thermotolerance (in terms of survival rate, malondialdehyde, and tissue vitality) of maize seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium signaling was interpreted as regulating methylglyoxal-improved heat tolerance by mobilizing calcium pools.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“calcium signaling regulated MG-improved thermotolerance in maize seedlings by mobilizing intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ pools”
The same questions in other papers
ethene · tolerance: abiotic · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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calcium(2+) · physiology: oxidative · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.