Abstract
L.) given exogenous ethylene priming to tolerate prolonged waterlogged conditions was investigated in this study. The investigation was carried out as field experiments using 3 week-old plants grouped into four treatments; control, waterlogged plants, ethylene priming of plants before waterlogging, and ethylene priming of plants after waterlogging. Different growth parameters were recorded. Soil chemical and bacterial analyses were performed. The activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes were studied. The ethylene biosynthetic genes expression analysis and root anatomy of surviving okra plants were also carried out. Results revealed that okra and maize plants showed increase in their height under waterlogged conditions. Ethylene priming and waterlogged conditions induced early production of adventitious roots in okra and maize. Maize survival lasted between 5 and 9 weeks under waterlogging without reaching the flowering stage. However, okra survived up to 15 weeks under waterlogging producing flower buds and fruits in all treatments. Variable changes were also recorded for total soluble phenolics of soil. Cross sections of waterlogged okra roots showed the formation of a dark peripheral layer and numerous large aerenchyma cells which may have assisted in trapping oxygen required for survival. The activity and gene expression levels of antioxidant enzymes were studied and showed higher increases in the root and leaf tissues of okra and maize subjected to both waterlogging and ethylene priming, as compared to control or waterlogged condition. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis also showed that the ethylene biosynthetic gene expression levels in all okra and maize tissues were up-regulated and showed much higher levels under ethylene-treated waterlogged conditions than those expressed under control or waterlogged conditions at all time points. These results indicate that okra and maize tissues respond to the conditions of waterlogging and exogenous ethylene priming by inducing their ethylene biosynthetic genes expression in order to enhance ethylene production and tolerate the prolonged waterlogging stress. In conclusion, this study revealed that exogenously generated ethylene gas as a priming treatment before or after waterlogging could enhance waterlogging tolerance in maize and okra crops.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Okra height increased under waterlogging.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentuse0 - Treatment
- waterlogged conditionse0
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“okra and maize plants showed increase in their height under waterlogged conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize height increased under waterlogging.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“okra and maize plants showed increase in their height under waterlogged conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene priming and waterlogging induced early adventitious roots in okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Organ / stage
- earlye0
- Treatment
- Ethylene priming and waterlogged conditionse0
- Outcome
- adventitious rootse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene priming and waterlogged conditions induced early production of adventitious roots in okra and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene priming and waterlogging induced early adventitious roots in maize.
- Organ / stage
- earlye0
- Treatment
- Ethylene priming and waterlogged conditionse0
- Outcome
- adventitious rootse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene priming and waterlogged conditions induced early production of adventitious roots in okra and maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize survived 5 to 9 weeks under waterlogging without flowering.
- Treatment
- waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Value
- between 5 and 9 weekse0
- Qualifier
- without reaching the flowering stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize survival lasted between 5 and 9 weeks under waterlogging without reaching the flowering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Okra survived up to 15 weeks under waterlogging.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- survivede0
- Value
- up to 15 weekse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“okra survived up to 15 weeks under waterlogging producing flower buds and fruits in all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Okra produced flower buds and fruits under the reported treatments.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Outcome
- flower buds and fruitse0
- Qualifier
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“okra survived up to 15 weeks under waterlogging producing flower buds and fruits in all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogged okra roots formed a dark peripheral layer.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- waterloggede0
- Outcome
- dark peripheral layere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cross sections of waterlogged okra roots showed the formation of a dark peripheral layer and numerous large aerenchyma cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogged okra roots formed numerous large aerenchyma cells.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- waterloggede0
- Outcome
- numerous large aerenchyma cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cross sections of waterlogged okra roots showed the formation of a dark peripheral layer and numerous large aerenchyma cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activity increased more with combined waterlogging and ethylene priming in okra roots and leaves than controls or waterlogging alone.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Organ / stage
- root and leaf tissuese0
- Treatment
- both waterlogging and ethylene priminge0
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Direction
- higher increasese0
- Comparator
- control or waterlogged conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activity and gene expression levels of antioxidant enzymes were studied and showed higher increases in the root and leaf tissues of okra and maize subjected to both waterlogging and ethylene priming, as compared to control or waterlogged condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activity increased more with combined waterlogging and ethylene priming in maize roots and leaves.
- Organ / stage
- root and leaf tissuese0
- Treatment
- both waterlogging and ethylene priminge0
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Direction
- higher increasese0
- Comparator
- control or waterlogged conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activity and gene expression levels of antioxidant enzymes were studied and showed higher increases in the root and leaf tissues of okra and maize subjected to both waterlogging and ethylene priming, as compared to control or waterlogged condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme gene expression increased more under combined treatment in okra.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- both waterlogging and ethylene priminge0
- Outcome
- gene expression levels of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- higher increasese0
- Comparator
- control or waterlogged conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activity and gene expression levels of antioxidant enzymes were studied and showed higher increases in the root and leaf tissues of okra and maize subjected to both waterlogging and ethylene priming, as compared to control or waterlogged condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme gene expression increased more under combined treatment in maize.
- Treatment
- both waterlogging and ethylene priminge0
- Outcome
- gene expression levels of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- higher increasese0
- Comparator
- control or waterlogged conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“activity and gene expression levels of antioxidant enzymes were studied and showed higher increases in the root and leaf tissues of okra and maize subjected to both waterlogging and ethylene priming, as compared to control or waterlogged condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene biosynthetic gene expression was higher in ethylene-treated waterlogged okra than controls or waterlogged plants.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- ethylene-treated waterlogged conditionse0
- Outcome
- ethylene biosynthetic gene expression levelse0
- Direction
- much higher levelse0
- Qualifier
- all time pointse0
- Comparator
- control or waterlogged conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene biosynthetic gene expression levels in all okra and maize tissues were up-regulated and showed much higher levels under ethylene-treated waterlogged conditions than those expressed under control or waterlogged conditions at all time points”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene biosynthetic gene expression was higher in ethylene-treated waterlogged maize than controls or waterlogged plants.
- Treatment
- ethylene-treated waterlogged conditionse0
- Outcome
- ethylene biosynthetic gene expression levelse0
- Direction
- much higher levelse0
- Qualifier
- all time pointse0
- Comparator
- control or waterlogged conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene biosynthetic gene expression levels in all okra and maize tissues were up-regulated and showed much higher levels under ethylene-treated waterlogged conditions than those expressed under control or waterlogged conditions at all time points”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude ethylene priming before or after waterlogging could enhance maize waterlogging tolerance.
- Treatment
- ethylene gas as a priming treatment before or after waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- waterlogging tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenously generated ethylene gas as a priming treatment before or after waterlogging could enhance waterlogging tolerance in maize and okra crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude ethylene priming before or after waterlogging could enhance okra waterlogging tolerance.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- ethylene gas as a priming treatment before or after waterlogginge0
- Outcome
- waterlogging tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenously generated ethylene gas as a priming treatment before or after waterlogging could enhance waterlogging tolerance in maize and okra crops”
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See all 13 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.