Abstract
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses prevailing throughout the world that severely limits crop establishment and production. Every crop has an intra-specific genetic variation that enables it to cope with variable environmental conditions. Hence, this genetic variability is a good tool to exploit germplasms in salt-affected areas. Further, the selected cultivars can be effectively used by plant breeders and molecular biologists for the improvement of salinity tolerance. In the present study, it was planned to identify differential expression of genes associated with selective uptake of different ions under salt stress in selected salt-tolerant canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivar. For the purpose, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth response of different salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant canola cultivars. Plants were subjected to 200 mM NaCl stress. Canola cultivars—Faisal Canola, DGL, Dunkled, and CON-II—had higher growth than in cvs Cyclone, Ac-EXcel, Legend, and Oscar. Salt-tolerant cultivars were better able to maintain plant water status probably through osmotic adjustment as compared to salt-sensitive cultivars. Although salt stress increased shoot Na+ and shoot Cl− contents in all canola cultivars, salt-tolerant cultivars had a lower accumulation of these toxic nutrients. Similarly, salt stress reduced shoot K+ and Ca2+ contents in all canola cultivars, while salt-tolerant cultivars had a higher accumulation of K+ and Ca2+ in leaves, thereby having greater shoot K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios. Nutrient utilization efficiency decreased significantly in all canola cultivars due to the imposition of salt stress; however, it was greater in salt-tolerant cultivars—Faisal Canola, DGL, and Dunkled. Among four salt-tolerant canola cultivars, cv Dunkled was maximal in physiological attributes, and thus differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were assessed in it by RNA-seq analysis using next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. The differentially expressed genes (DEG) in cv Dunkled under salt stress were found to be involved in the regulation of ionic concentration, photosynthesis, antioxidants, and hormonal metabolism. However, the most prominent upregulated DEGs included Na/K transporter, HKT1, potassium transporter, potassium channel, chloride channel, cation exchanger, Ca channel. The RNA-seq data were validated through qRT-PCR. It was thus concluded that genes related to the regulation of ionic concentrate are significantly upregulated and expressed under salt stress, in the cultivar Dunkled.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Faisal Canola, DGL, Dunkled, and CON-II grew more than Cyclone, Ac-EXcel, Legend, and Oscar.
- Taxon
- Canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napuse0 - Material
- Faisal Canola, DGL, Dunkled, and CON-IIe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Cyclone, Ac-EXcel, Legend, and Oscare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Canola cultivars—Faisal Canola, DGL, Dunkled, and CON-II—had higher growth than in cvs Cyclone, Ac-EXcel, Legend, and Oscar”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-tolerant cultivars maintained plant water status better than salt-sensitive cultivars.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Material
- Salt-tolerant cultivarse1
- Outcome
- plant water statuse1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Comparator
- salt-sensitive cultivarse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among four salt-tolerant canola cultivars”
e1“Salt-tolerant cultivars were better able to maintain plant water status probably through osmotic adjustment as compared to salt-sensitive cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased shoot Na+ and Cl− contents in all canola cultivars.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaCl stresse1
- Outcome
- shoot Na+ and shoot Cl− contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress increased shoot Na+ and shoot Cl− contents in all canola cultivars”
e1“200 mM NaCl stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-tolerant cultivars accumulated less toxic shoot Na+ and Cl−.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Material
- salt-tolerant cultivarse1
- Outcome
- accumulation of these toxic nutrientse1
- Direction
- lowere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among four salt-tolerant canola cultivars”
e1“salt-tolerant cultivars had a lower accumulation of these toxic nutrients”
e2“shoot Na+ and shoot Cl− contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced shoot K+ and Ca2+ contents in all canola cultivars.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaCl stresse1
- Outcome
- shoot K+ and Ca2+ contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress reduced shoot K+ and Ca2+ contents in all canola cultivars”
e1“200 mM NaCl stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-tolerant cultivars had higher leaf K+ and Ca2+ accumulation.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Material
- salt-tolerant cultivarse1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Outcome
- accumulation of K+ and Ca2+e1
- Direction
- highere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among four salt-tolerant canola cultivars”
e1“salt-tolerant cultivars had a higher accumulation of K+ and Ca2+ in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-tolerant cultivars had greater shoot K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Material
- salt-tolerant cultivarse2
- Outcome
- shoot K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratiose1
- Direction
- greatere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among four salt-tolerant canola cultivars”
e1“greater shoot K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios”
e2“while salt-tolerant cultivars had a higher accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly decreased nutrient utilization efficiency in all canola cultivars.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- 200 mM NaCl stresse1
- Outcome
- Nutrient utilization efficiencye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nutrient utilization efficiency decreased significantly in all canola cultivars due to the imposition of salt stress”
e1“200 mM NaCl stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient utilization efficiency was greater in salt-tolerant Faisal Canola, DGL, and Dunkled.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Material
- Faisal Canola, DGL, and Dunklede1
- Outcome
- Nutrient utilization efficiencye2
- Direction
- greatere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among four salt-tolerant canola cultivars”
e1“it was greater in salt-tolerant cultivars—Faisal Canola, DGL, and Dunkled”
e2“Nutrient utilization efficiency decreased significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Dunkled had maximal physiological attributes among four salt-tolerant cultivars.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Material
- Dunklede1
- Outcome
- physiological attributese1
- Direction
- maximale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among four salt-tolerant canola cultivars”
e1“Among four salt-tolerant canola cultivars, cv Dunkled was maximal in physiological attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
Dunkled salt-responsive genes were involved in ion, photosynthesis, antioxidant, and hormone regulation.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Material
- Dunklede1
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes (DEG)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among four salt-tolerant canola cultivars”
e1“The differentially expressed genes (DEG) in cv Dunkled under salt stress were found to be involved in the regulation of ionic concentration, photosynthesis, antioxidants, and hormonal metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
Na/K transporter, HKT1, potassium transporter, potassium channel, chloride channel, cation exchanger, and Ca channel were prominent upregulated genes in Dunkled.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Material
- Dunklede2
- Gene
- Na/K transporter, HKT1, potassium transporter, potassium channel, chloride channel, cation exchanger, Ca channele1
- Outcome
- upregulated DEGse1
- Direction
- upregulatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among four salt-tolerant canola cultivars”
e1“most prominent upregulated DEGs included Na/K transporter, HKT1, potassium transporter, potassium channel, chloride channel, cation exchanger, Ca channel”
e2“cv Dunkled under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA-seq data were validated through qRT-PCR.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Outcome
- RNA-seq datae1
- Comparator
- qRT-PCRe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among four salt-tolerant canola cultivars”
e1“The RNA-seq data were validated through qRT-PCR”
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