Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of liquid fertilizers (LF) with farm-derived renewable resources on biological activities and chemical attributes of the soil and fruit in an open-field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) experiment conducted in South Korea in the 2019 growing season. The LF treatments included bone+fish meal (BF), fish+phosphoric acid (FP), sesame oil (SO), starfish (SF), nontreatment (NT) as control, and oil cake (OC) as an organic fertilizer, fertigating two times per week during the growing season. The pH in LF ranged between 7.4 and 8.3, and electrical conductivity in the LF was the highest on SF (0.69 dSm -1 ), SO (0.64 dSm -1 ), and BF (0.45 dSm -1 ). Total amount of total-N supplied was the highest for SF (679 mgplant -1 ), SO (654 mg), and BF (333 mg). The number of some invertebrates was increased by the BF and SF treatments. Earthworm biomass was significantly increased by the SF treatment. The NT and OC treatments reduced operational taxonomic units and the richness estimator of Chao1 and ACE. Seasonal SPAD and PS II values in the leaves were reduced on the FP-plants on 45 and 60 days after fertigation. The SF treatment increased fruit fresh weight and fruit yield to 4.2 kg per plant, with similar results observed for BF-treated plants. Fruit yield efficiency was improved by the BF treatment, followed by SO and SF among all the treatment. Starfish would be the promising LF for use as a supplemental nutrient amendment to increase agroecosystem health, nutrient availability, and fruit productivity.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
The pH of the liquid fertilizers ranged between 7.4 and 8.3.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Outcome
- pH in LFe3
- Value
- 7.4 and 8.3e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“an open-field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) experiment conducted in South Korea in the 2019 growing season”
e3“The pH in LF ranged between 7.4 and 8.3”
Claim · model-written summary
Electrical conductivity of the starfish liquid fertilizer was the highest among the liquid fertilizers, at 0.69 dSm -1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- starfish (SF)e2
- Outcome
- electrical conductivity in the LFe4
- Value
- 0.69 dSm -1e4
- Qualifier
- higheste4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“an open-field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) experiment conducted in South Korea in the 2019 growing season”
e2“The LF treatments included bone+fish meal (BF), fish+phosphoric acid (FP), sesame oil (SO), starfish (SF), nontreatment (NT) as control, and oil cake (OC) as an organic fertilizer”
e4“electrical conductivity in the LF was the highest on SF (0.69 dSm -1 ), SO (0.64 dSm -1 ), and BF (0.45 dSm -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Electrical conductivity of the sesame oil liquid fertilizer was 0.64 dSm -1, below the starfish fertilizer.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- sesame oil (SO)e2
- Outcome
- electrical conductivity in the LFe4
- Value
- 0.64 dSm -1e4
- Qualifier
- higheste4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“an open-field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) experiment conducted in South Korea in the 2019 growing season”
e2“The LF treatments included bone+fish meal (BF), fish+phosphoric acid (FP), sesame oil (SO), starfish (SF), nontreatment (NT) as control, and oil cake (OC) as an organic fertilizer”
e4“electrical conductivity in the LF was the highest on SF (0.69 dSm -1 ), SO (0.64 dSm -1 ), and BF (0.45 dSm -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Electrical conductivity of the bone+fish meal liquid fertilizer was 0.45 dSm -1.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- bone+fish meal (BF)e2
- Outcome
- electrical conductivity in the LFe4
- Value
- 0.45 dSm -1e4
- Qualifier
- higheste4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“an open-field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) experiment conducted in South Korea in the 2019 growing season”
e2“The LF treatments included bone+fish meal (BF), fish+phosphoric acid (FP), sesame oil (SO), starfish (SF), nontreatment (NT) as control, and oil cake (OC) as an organic fertilizer”
e4“electrical conductivity in the LF was the highest on SF (0.69 dSm -1 ), SO (0.64 dSm -1 ), and BF (0.45 dSm -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Starfish liquid fertilizer supplied the highest total amount of total-N, 679 mg per plant.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- starfish (SF)e2
- Outcome
- Total amount of total-N suppliede5
- Value
- 679 mgplant -1e5
- Qualifier
- the higheste5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“an open-field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) experiment conducted in South Korea in the 2019 growing season”
e2“The LF treatments included bone+fish meal (BF), fish+phosphoric acid (FP), sesame oil (SO), starfish (SF), nontreatment (NT) as control, and oil cake (OC) as an organic fertilizer”
e5“Total amount of total-N supplied was the highest for SF (679 mgplant -1 ), SO (654 mg), and BF (333 mg)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesame oil liquid fertilizer supplied 654 mg total-N per plant.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- sesame oil (SO)e2
- Outcome
- Total amount of total-N suppliede5
- Value
- 654 mge5
- Qualifier
- the higheste5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“an open-field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) experiment conducted in South Korea in the 2019 growing season”
e2“The LF treatments included bone+fish meal (BF), fish+phosphoric acid (FP), sesame oil (SO), starfish (SF), nontreatment (NT) as control, and oil cake (OC) as an organic fertilizer”
e5“Total amount of total-N supplied was the highest for SF (679 mgplant -1 ), SO (654 mg), and BF (333 mg)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bone+fish meal liquid fertilizer supplied 333 mg total-N per plant.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- bone+fish meal (BF)e2
- Outcome
- Total amount of total-N suppliede5
- Value
- 333 mge5
- Qualifier
- the higheste5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“an open-field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) experiment conducted in South Korea in the 2019 growing season”
e2“The LF treatments included bone+fish meal (BF), fish+phosphoric acid (FP), sesame oil (SO), starfish (SF), nontreatment (NT) as control, and oil cake (OC) as an organic fertilizer”
e5“Total amount of total-N supplied was the highest for SF (679 mgplant -1 ), SO (654 mg), and BF (333 mg)”
Claim · model-written summary
The bone+fish meal (BF) treatment increased the number of some invertebrates.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- BFe6
- Outcome
- number of some invertebratese6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Comparator
- nontreatment (NT)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“an open-field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) experiment conducted in South Korea in the 2019 growing season”
e2“nontreatment (NT) as control”
e6“The number of some invertebrates was increased by the BF and SF treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The starfish (SF) treatment increased the number of some invertebrates.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- SFe6
- Outcome
- number of some invertebratese6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Comparator
- nontreatment (NT)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“an open-field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) experiment conducted in South Korea in the 2019 growing season”
e2“nontreatment (NT) as control”
e6“The number of some invertebrates was increased by the BF and SF treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The starfish (SF) treatment significantly increased earthworm biomass.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- SF treatmente7
- Outcome
- Earthworm biomasse7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Comparator
- nontreatment (NT)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“an open-field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) experiment conducted in South Korea in the 2019 growing season”
e2“nontreatment (NT) as control”
e7“Earthworm biomass was significantly increased by the SF treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The NT treatment reduced operational taxonomic units and the richness estimators Chao1 and ACE.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- operational taxonomic units and the richness estimator of Chao1 and ACEe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“an open-field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) experiment conducted in South Korea in the 2019 growing season”
e0“The NT and OC treatments reduced operational taxonomic units and the richness estimator of Chao1 and ACE”
Claim · model-written summary
The OC treatment reduced operational taxonomic units and the richness estimators Chao1 and ACE.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- OCe0
- Outcome
- operational taxonomic units and the richness estimator of Chao1 and ACEe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“an open-field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) experiment conducted in South Korea in the 2019 growing season”
e0“The NT and OC treatments reduced operational taxonomic units and the richness estimator of Chao1 and ACE”
Claim · model-written summary
On the FP plants, seasonal SPAD and PS II values in the leaves were reduced 45 and 60 days after fertigation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- FP-plantse0
- Outcome
- Seasonal SPAD and PS II values in the leavese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- on 45 and 60 days after fertigatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“an open-field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) experiment conducted in South Korea in the 2019 growing season”
e0“Seasonal SPAD and PS II values in the leaves were reduced on the FP-plants on 45 and 60 days after fertigation”
Claim · model-written summary
The starfish (SF) treatment increased fruit fresh weight.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- SF treatmente7
- Outcome
- fruit fresh weighte7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Comparator
- nontreatment (NT)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“an open-field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) experiment conducted in South Korea in the 2019 growing season”
e2“nontreatment (NT) as control”
e7“The SF treatment increased fruit fresh weight and fruit yield to 4.2 kg per plant, with similar results observed for BF-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The starfish (SF) treatment increased fruit yield to 4.2 kg per plant.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- SF treatmente7
- Outcome
- fruit yielde7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 4.2 kg per plante7
- Comparator
- nontreatment (NT)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“an open-field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) experiment conducted in South Korea in the 2019 growing season”
e2“nontreatment (NT) as control”
e7“The SF treatment increased fruit fresh weight and fruit yield to 4.2 kg per plant, with similar results observed for BF-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BF-treated plants showed fruit fresh weight and fruit yield results similar to the starfish treatment, an increase.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- BF-treated plantse7
- Outcome
- fruit fresh weight and fruit yielde7
- Direction
- increaseinferrede7
- Comparator
- SF treatmente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“an open-field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) experiment conducted in South Korea in the 2019 growing season”
e7“The SF treatment increased fruit fresh weight and fruit yield to 4.2 kg per plant, with similar results observed for BF-treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The bone+fish meal (BF) treatment improved fruit yield efficiency, followed by sesame oil and starfish, among all treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- BF treatmente0
- Outcome
- Fruit yield efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- followed by SO and SFe0
- Comparator
- among all the treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“an open-field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) experiment conducted in South Korea in the 2019 growing season”
e0“Fruit yield efficiency was improved by the BF treatment, followed by SO and SF among all the treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Starfish is recommended as a promising liquid fertilizer for supplemental nutrient amendment to increase agroecosystem health, nutrient availability and fruit productivity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Starfishe0
- Outcome
- the promising LF for use as a supplemental nutrient amendmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“an open-field tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) experiment conducted in South Korea in the 2019 growing season”
e0“Starfish would be the promising LF for use as a supplemental nutrient amendment to increase agroecosystem health, nutrient availability, and fruit productivity”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · ecology: diversity · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.