Abstract
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) group 1 (LEA_1) proteins are intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that play important roles in protecting plants from abiotic stress. Their protective function, at a molecular level, has not yet been fully elucidated, but several studies suggest their involvement in membrane stabilization under stress conditions. In this paper, the soybean LEA_1 protein PM1 and its truncated forms (PM1-N: N-terminal half; PM1-C: C-terminal half) were tested for the ability to protect liposomes against damage induced by freeze-thaw stress. Turbidity measurement and light microscopy showed that full-length PM1 and PM1-N, but not PM1-C, can prevent freeze-thaw-induced aggregation of POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) liposomes and native thylakoid membranes, isolated from spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea). Particle size distribution analysis by dynamic light scattering (DLS) further confirmed that PM1 and PM1-N can prevent liposome aggregation during freeze-thaw. Furthermore, PM1 or PM1-N could significantly inhibit membrane fusion of liposomes, but not reduce the leakage of their contents following freezing stress. The results of proteolytic digestion and circular dichroism experiments suggest that PM1 and PM1-N proteins bind mainly on the surface of the POPC liposome. We propose that, through its N-terminal region, PM1 functions as a membrane-stabilizing protein during abiotic stress, and might inhibit membrane fusion and aggregation of vesicles or other endomembrane structures within the plant cell.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Full-length PM1 prevented freeze-thaw aggregation of liposomes and spinach thylakoid membranes.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- freeze-thawe0
- Gene
- PM1e0
- Outcome
- aggregation of POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) liposomes and native thylakoid membranese0
- Direction
- prevente0
- Comparator
- PM1-Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“full-length PM1 and PM1-N, but not PM1-C, can prevent freeze-thaw-induced aggregation of POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) liposomes and native thylakoid membranes, isolated from spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea)”
e1“soybean LEA_1 protein PM1”
Claim · model-written summary
PM1-N prevented freeze-thaw aggregation of liposomes and spinach thylakoid membranes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- freeze-thawe0
- Gene
- PM1-Ne0
- Outcome
- aggregation of POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) liposomes and native thylakoid membranese0
- Direction
- prevente0
- Comparator
- PM1-Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“full-length PM1 and PM1-N, but not PM1-C, can prevent freeze-thaw-induced aggregation of POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) liposomes and native thylakoid membranes, isolated from spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea)”
e1“soybean LEA_1 protein PM1”
Claim · model-written summary
PM1 significantly inhibited freezing-related liposome fusion.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- PM1e0
- Gene
- PM1e0
- Outcome
- membrane fusion of liposomese0
- Direction
- inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PM1 or PM1-N could significantly inhibit membrane fusion of liposomes”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
PM1-N significantly inhibited freezing-related liposome fusion.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- PM1-Ne0
- Gene
- PM1-Ne0
- Outcome
- membrane fusion of liposomese0
- Direction
- inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PM1 or PM1-N could significantly inhibit membrane fusion of liposomes”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
PM1 and PM1-N did not reduce leakage after freezing.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- PM1 or PM1-Ne0
- Outcome
- leakage of their contentse0
- Direction
- not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PM1 or PM1-N could significantly inhibit membrane fusion of liposomes, but not reduce the leakage of their contents following freezing stress”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
PM1 and PM1-N bind mainly to the liposome surface.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Gene
- PM1 and PM1-Ne0
- Outcome
- bind mainly on the surface of the POPC liposomee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PM1 and PM1-N proteins bind mainly on the surface of the POPC liposome”
t0“Soybean”
The same questions in other papers
cold · soil: physics · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.