Abstract
This study sought to clarify the antagonistic interactions of potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) to magnesium (Mg) under a deficiency of Mg in tomato. Tomato leaves and soil samples that had differing levels of Mg deficiency were collected to study the relationship between symptoms of Mg deficiency and contents of soil K and Ca. Four different Mg fertiliser treatments were conducted to analyse the regulation of Mg for soil K, Ca and Mg. The results showed the following: (1) The yield of tomatoes decreased significantly with an increase in Mg deficiency, and the yield of tomatoes with moderate (MD) and severe (SD) Mg deficiency decreased by 38.02% and 59.53%, respectively, compared with treatments without Mg deficiency (ND). (2) The cation saturation ratio of K+ (CSRK+) was significantly higher with MD and SD compared with ND, while the CSRMg2+ was lower. The soil K/Mg and Ca/Mg values were higher than the critical value of imbalance. (3) The soil exchangeable K, CSRK+, Ca/Mg and K/Mg under SD increased significantly when compared with that under ND. (4) The content of Mg in tomato leaves and its yield were significantly negatively correlated with soil exchangeable K, CSRK+ and K/Mg. (5) With the increase in application of Mg fertiliser, the soil exchangeable K content, K/Mg and CSRK+ decreased significantly, while the Ca/K increased. The soil exchangeable K content, K/Mg and CSRK+ with 90 kg/ha MgSO4 and 234 kg/ha K2O applied (M2K1 treatment) were the lowest among all treatments. (6) The yields of tomatoes and uptake of Ca and Mg increased as supply of Mg increased. (7). Reducing the application of K was a much more efficient way to decrease soil K/Mg and restore cation imbalance than providing Mg fertiliser in calcareous soil.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate Mg deficiency decreased tomato yield by 38.02%.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- moderate (MD)e0
- Outcome
- yield of tomatoese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 38.02%e0
- Comparator
- treatments without Mg deficiency (ND)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of tomatoes decreased significantly with an increase in Mg deficiency, and the yield of tomatoes with moderate (MD) and severe (SD) Mg deficiency decreased by 38.02% and 59.53%, respectively, compared with treatments without Mg deficiency (ND).”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe Mg deficiency decreased tomato yield by 59.53%.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- severe (SD) Mg deficiencye0
- Outcome
- yield of tomatoese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 59.53%e0
- Comparator
- treatments without Mg deficiency (ND)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of tomatoes decreased significantly with an increase in Mg deficiency, and the yield of tomatoes with moderate (MD) and severe (SD) Mg deficiency decreased by 38.02% and 59.53%, respectively, compared with treatments without Mg deficiency (ND).”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil CSRK+ was higher under moderate and severe Mg deficiency.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MD and SDe0
- Outcome
- cation saturation ratio of K+ (CSRK+)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- NDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cation saturation ratio of K+ (CSRK+) was significantly higher with MD and SD compared with ND”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil CSRMg2+ was lower under moderate and severe Mg deficiency.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while the CSRMg2+ was lower.”
e1“with MD and SD compared with ND”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil K/Mg and Ca/Mg exceeded the critical imbalance value.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- soil K/Mg and Ca/Mg valuese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- critical value of imbalancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil K/Mg and Ca/Mg values were higher than the critical value of imbalance.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil exchangeable K and CSRK+ increased under severe Mg deficiency.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SDe0
- Outcome
- soil exchangeable K, CSRK+e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- NDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil exchangeable K, CSRK+, Ca/Mg and K/Mg under SD increased significantly when compared with that under ND.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Ca/Mg and K/Mg increased under severe Mg deficiency.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SDe0
- Outcome
- Ca/Mg and K/Mge0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- NDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil exchangeable K, CSRK+, Ca/Mg and K/Mg under SD increased significantly when compared with that under ND.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf Mg content was negatively correlated with soil exchangeable K, CSRK+ and K/Mg.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- content of Mg in tomato leavese0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Comparator
- soil exchangeable K, CSRK+ and K/Mge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of Mg in tomato leaves and its yield were significantly negatively correlated with soil exchangeable K, CSRK+ and K/Mg.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato yield was negatively correlated with soil exchangeable K, CSRK+ and K/Mg.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- negatively correlatede0
- Comparator
- soil exchangeable K, CSRK+ and K/Mge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of Mg in tomato leaves and its yield were significantly negatively correlated with soil exchangeable K, CSRK+ and K/Mg.”
Claim · model-written summary
More Mg fertilizer decreased soil exchangeable K, K/Mg and CSRK+.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Mg fertilisere0
- Outcome
- soil exchangeable K content, K/Mg and CSRK+e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the increase in application of Mg fertiliser, the soil exchangeable K content, K/Mg and CSRK+ decreased significantly”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
More Mg fertilizer increased soil Ca/K.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Mg fertilisere1
- Outcome
- Ca/Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while the Ca/K increased.”
e1“application of Mg fertiliser”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
M2K1 produced the lowest soil exchangeable K, K/Mg and CSRK+.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 90 kg/ha MgSO4 and 234 kg/ha K2Oe0
- Outcome
- soil exchangeable K content, K/Mg and CSRK+e0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil exchangeable K content, K/Mg and CSRK+ with 90 kg/ha MgSO4 and 234 kg/ha K2O applied (M2K1 treatment) were the lowest among all treatments.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Mg supply increased tomato yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- supply of Mge0
- Outcome
- yields of tomatoese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yields of tomatoes and uptake of Ca and Mg increased as supply of Mg increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Mg supply increased Ca and Mg uptake.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- supply of Mge0
- Outcome
- uptake of Ca and Mge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yields of tomatoes and uptake of Ca and Mg increased as supply of Mg increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing K application was more efficient than Mg fertilizer for lowering K/Mg and restoring cation balance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- Reducing the application of Ke0
- Comparator
- providing Mg fertilisere0
- Setting
- calcareous soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reducing the application of K was a much more efficient way to decrease soil K/Mg and restore cation imbalance than providing Mg fertiliser in calcareous soil.”
t0“tomato”
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