Abstract
The time course response of selected phytohormones has been evaluated in sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) submitted to a high density (200 aphids/plant) of aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation. Abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and jasmonates (JAs), including jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and cis-OPDA have been simultaneously identified and quantitated by UHPLC-MS/MS in pepper leaf tissue harvested at 3, 8 hours post-infestation (hpi), 1, 2, 4 and 7 days post-infestation (dpi). Infested plants showed a reduction in stem length at 7 dpi and in the number of leaves and leaf width from 4 dpi onwards. JA and JA-Ile significantly increased very early (from 3 hpi) while SA only accumulated at 7 dpi. Despite the high density of infestation, the aphid-induced accumulation of JAs was much lower than the burst typically induced by chewing herbivores. On the other side, ABA peaked in aphid-infested plants at 2 and 4 dpi, while IAA content did not change significantly at any time point. Growth inhibition may be partially explained by the high levels of JAs found in aphid-infested plants. The possibility that the obtained results support the hypothesis of the aphid manipulation of plant metabolism is discussed.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid infestation reduced stem length at seven days.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper plants
Capsicum annuume1 - Treatment
- aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestatione1
- Interactor
- Myzus persicae Sulzer
Myzus persicaee1pest - Outcome
- stem lengthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 7 dpie0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infested plants showed a reduction in stem length at 7 dpi”
e1“sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) submitted to a high density (200 aphids/plant) of aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid infestation reduced leaf number and width from four days onward.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper plantsCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestatione1
- Interactor
- Myzus persicae SulzerMyzus persicaee1pest
- Outcome
- number of leaves and leaf widthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- from 4 dpi onwardse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infested plants showed a reduction in stem length at 7 dpi and in the number of leaves and leaf width from 4 dpi onwards”
e1“sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) submitted to a high density (200 aphids/plant) of aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation”
Claim · model-written summary
JA and JA-Ile increased significantly from three hours after infestation.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper plantsCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestatione1
- Interactor
- Myzus persicae SulzerMyzus persicaee1pest
- Outcome
- JA and JA-Ilee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- from 3 hpie0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JA and JA-Ile significantly increased very early (from 3 hpi)”
e1“sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) submitted to a high density (200 aphids/plant) of aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation”
Claim · model-written summary
SA accumulated only at seven days after infestation.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper plantsCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestatione1
- Interactor
- Myzus persicae SulzerMyzus persicaee1pest
- Outcome
- SAe0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
- Qualifier
- 7 dpie0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA only accumulated at 7 dpi”
e1“sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) submitted to a high density (200 aphids/plant) of aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid-induced jasmonate accumulation was much lower than that induced by chewing herbivores.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper plantsCapsicum annuume1
- Interactor
- Myzus persicae SulzerMyzus persicaee1pest
- Outcome
- accumulation of JAse0
- Direction
- much lowere0
- Comparator
- chewing herbivorese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the aphid-induced accumulation of JAs was much lower than the burst typically induced by chewing herbivores”
e1“sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) submitted to a high density (200 aphids/plant) of aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA peaked at two and four days in aphid-infested plants.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper plantsCapsicum annuume1
- Interactor
- Myzus persicae SulzerMyzus persicaee1pest
- Outcome
- ABAe0
- Direction
- peakede0
- Qualifier
- 2 and 4 dpie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA peaked in aphid-infested plants at 2 and 4 dpi”
e1“sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) submitted to a high density (200 aphids/plant) of aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA content did not change significantly at any time point.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper plantsCapsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestatione1
- Interactor
- Myzus persicae SulzerMyzus persicaee1pest
- Outcome
- IAA contente0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IAA content did not change significantly at any time point”
e1“sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) submitted to a high density (200 aphids/plant) of aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest high jasmonate levels may partly explain growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- sweet pepper plantsCapsicum annuume1
- Interactor
- Myzus persicae SulzerMyzus persicaee1pest
- Compound
- JAse0
- Outcome
- Growth inhibitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth inhibition may be partially explained by the high levels of JAs found in aphid-infested plants”
e1“sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) submitted to a high density (200 aphids/plant) of aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation”
The same questions in other papers
infection · growth · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.