Abstract
Alternanthera philoxeroides is a worldwide weed.After invasion of A.philoxeroides,the local ecosystem can be irreversibly damaged and agricultural production seriously affected.Allelopathy is an effective chemical weapon in the invasion process of exotic weeds.With radish(Raphanus sativas) and lettuce(Lactuca sativa) as receptor materials,the allelopathic effect of plant aqueous extract of A.philoxeroides was studied using a Petri dish bioassay.In this process,plant protective enzyme activity was also measured to clarify the allelopathic mechanism.Seed germination rates of lettuce and radish showed significant allelopathic inhibition which gradually increased with an increase of the A.philoxeroides plant aqueous extract concentration.This inhibition in lettuce was significantly greater than in radish.A.philoxeroides plant aqueous extracts caused a general inhibition of the radish and lettuce seedlings growth.Inhibition on radicle growth was significantly greater than on the hypocotyl.At low concentrations(0.01 g/mL),A.philoxeroides plant aqueous extracts promoted growth of hypocotyls but as the concentration increased,this promotion gradually diminished.Radish and lettuce hypocotyl growth were significantly inhibited at a concentration of 0.04 g/mL.The degree of inhibition of radicle length and fresh weight gradually increased with increasing concentrations.The radicle growth of radish and lettuce seedlings was almost inhibited at a concentration of 0.04 g/mL.The degree of inhibition of plant fresh weight in lettuce was more serious than in radish.Changes in protective enzyme activity were more complex.Superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) activities increased at low concentrations but as the concentration increased,SOD activity gradually decreased,while POD and CAT activities initially decreased and then increased.Malondialdehyde(MDA) content of radish and lettuce seedlings increased with increased concentrations of A.philoxeroides plant aqueous extracts and the increase rate was slightly higher in radish than in lettuce.However,the MDA content increases at low concentrations were not significant.With a concentration of 0.04 g/mL of A.philoxeroides plants aqueous extract,MDA contents in both radish and lettuce seedlings increased rapidly.Compared with the control,the increased rate of MDA content in radish and lettuce seedlings were 116.67% and 98%,respectively.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Alternanthera extract significantly inhibited lettuce and radish germination increasingly with concentration.
- Taxon
- lettuce and radish
Raphanus sativus
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- A.philoxeroides plant aqueous extracte0
- Interactor
- A.philoxeroides
Alternanthera philoxeroidese0weed - Outcome
- Seed germination ratese0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination rates of lettuce and radish showed significant allelopathic inhibition which gradually increased with an increase of the A.philoxeroides plant aqueous extract concentration.”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination inhibition was greater in lettuce than radish.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Interactor
- Alternanthera philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidest0weede0
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Comparator
- radishe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This inhibition in lettuce was significantly greater than in radish.”
t0“Alternanthera philoxeroides to radish and lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternanthera extract generally inhibited radish and lettuce seedling growth.
- Taxon
- radish and lettuceRaphanus sativusLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- A.philoxeroides plant aqueous extractse0
- Interactor
- A.philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese0weed
- Outcome
- seedlings growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A.philoxeroides plant aqueous extracts caused a general inhibition of the radish and lettuce seedlings growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Radicle growth was inhibited more than hypocotyl growth.
- Taxon
- radish and lettuceRaphanus sativusLactuca sativat0
- Interactor
- Alternanthera philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidest0weede0
- Outcome
- Inhibition on radicle growthe0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Comparator
- hypocotyle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition on radicle growth was significantly greater than on the hypocotyl.”
t0“Alternanthera philoxeroides to radish and lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
At low concentration, extract promoted hypocotyl growth.
- Taxon
- radish and lettuceRaphanus sativusLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- A.philoxeroides plant aqueous extractse0
- Interactor
- A.philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese0weed
- Outcome
- growth of hypocotylse0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- 0.01 g/mLe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At low concentrations(0.01 g/mL),A.philoxeroides plant aqueous extracts promoted growth of hypocotyls but as the concentration increased,this promotion gradually diminished.”
t0“radish and lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.04 g/mL, extract significantly inhibited radish and lettuce hypocotyl growth.
- Taxon
- radish and lettuceRaphanus sativusLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 0.04 g/mLe0
- Interactor
- Alternanthera philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidest0weede0
- Outcome
- hypocotyl growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Radish and lettuce hypocotyl growth were significantly inhibited at a concentration of 0.04 g/mL.”
t0“Alternanthera philoxeroides to radish and lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Radicle length and fresh weight inhibition increased with extract concentration.
- Taxon
- radish and lettuceRaphanus sativusLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing concentrationse0
- Interactor
- Alternanthera philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidest0weede0
- Outcome
- inhibition of radicle length and fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The degree of inhibition of radicle length and fresh weight gradually increased with increasing concentrations.”
t0“Alternanthera philoxeroides to radish and lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.04 g/mL, radicle growth was almost inhibited.
- Taxon
- radish and lettuceRaphanus sativusLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 0.04 g/mLe0
- Interactor
- Alternanthera philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidest0weede0
- Outcome
- radicle growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The radicle growth of radish and lettuce seedlings was almost inhibited at a concentration of 0.04 g/mL.”
t0“Alternanthera philoxeroides to radish and lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh weight inhibition was more serious in lettuce than radish.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Outcome
- inhibition of plant fresh weighte0
- Direction
- more serious thane0
- Comparator
- radishe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The degree of inhibition of plant fresh weight in lettuce was more serious than in radish.”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD, POD and CAT activities increased at low extract concentrations.
- Taxon
- radish and lettuceRaphanus sativusLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- low concentrationse0
- Interactor
- Alternanthera philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidest0weede0
- Outcome
- Superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) activities increased at low concentrations”
t0“Alternanthera philoxeroides to radish and lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD activity decreased as extract concentration rose.
- Taxon
- radish and lettuceRaphanus sativusLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- concentratione0
- Interactor
- Alternanthera philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidest0weede0
- Outcome
- SOD activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as the concentration increased,SOD activity gradually decreased”
t0“Alternanthera philoxeroides to radish and lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
POD and CAT activities first decreased then increased as concentration rose.
- Taxon
- radish and lettuceRaphanus sativusLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- concentratione1
- Interactor
- Alternanthera philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidest0weede0
- Outcome
- POD and CAT activitiese0
- Direction
- decreased and then increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“POD and CAT activities initially decreased and then increased.”
t0“Alternanthera philoxeroides to radish and lettuce”
e1“as the concentration increased,SOD activity gradually decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA content rose with extract concentration in both species.
- Taxon
- radish and lettuceRaphanus sativusLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- A.philoxeroides plant aqueous extractse0
- Interactor
- A.philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidese0weed
- Outcome
- Malondialdehyde(MDA) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malondialdehyde(MDA) content of radish and lettuce seedlings increased with increased concentrations of A.philoxeroides plant aqueous extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA increase at low concentrations was not significant.
- Taxon
- radish and lettuceRaphanus sativusLactuca sativat0
- Interactor
- Alternanthera philoxeroidesAlternanthera philoxeroidest0weede0
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- low concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the MDA content increases at low concentrations were not significant.”
t0“Alternanthera philoxeroides to radish and lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.04 g/mL, radish MDA rose by 116.67% against control.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- 0.04 g/mLe1
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 116.67%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control,the increased rate of MDA content in radish and lettuce seedlings were 116.67% and 98%,respectively.”
e1“With a concentration of 0.04 g/mL of A.philoxeroides plants aqueous extract,MDA contents in both radish and lettuce seedlings increased rapidly.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.04 g/mL, lettuce MDA rose by 98% against control.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- 0.04 g/mLe1
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 98%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with the control,the increased rate of MDA content in radish and lettuce seedlings were 116.67% and 98%,respectively.”
e1“With a concentration of 0.04 g/mL of A.philoxeroides plants aqueous extract,MDA contents in both radish and lettuce seedlings increased rapidly.”
The same questions in other papers
Alternanthera philoxeroides · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
botanical · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
52 papers in the same direction as this paper · 99 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
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See all 152 papers →botanical · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
113 papers in the same direction as this paper · 157 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
267 papers more in this group
See all 271 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.