Abstract
The micronutrient deficiency affects more than two billion individuals, that is, one in three individuals globally, there for it is a public health problem that can lead to various diseases, so we should pay more attention to it nowadays. In order to combat this problem, several alternatives have appeared, namely biofortification, which consists on increasing the amount of nutrients in food crops. Zinc is one of the most relevant micronutrients for the body. This micronutrient has three main roles: catalytic, structural and regulatory, and its deficiency leads to several health issues. Zinc has recognized benefits for atopic dermatitis, prostate disorders, pregnancy, spermatogenesis, alopecia, and osteopenia. In order to put zinc biofortification into practice, a technical itinerary was outlined which took place in the fields located near the Montijo region in Portugal. This work aims to optimize a response to zinc biofortification of four grape varieties Fernao Pires, Moscatel, Castelao and Syrah. Biofortification was performed with leaf applications of zinc oxide (OZn) and zinc sulfate (SZn) throughout the production cycle. In order to assess the efficiency of biofortification, XRF, atomic absorption spectrophotometry and tissue analysis techniques were used in this process. All the techniques demonstrated an increase in zinc content. Using XRF, progressively higher levels were observed in all varieties, with increasing applications with OZn and SZn. Considering all the forms measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the average biofortification index at harvest varied between 17.3% -123%. And with the aid of the technique of localization and quantification of nutritional elements at the tissue level, Castelao, Syrah and Fernao Pires showed a substantial rise in zinc levels in the grape’s skin, with the application of zinc oxide or zinc sulfate.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
All three analytical techniques detected increased zinc content.
Not reportedComparatorValue
Verbatim
e0“All the techniques demonstrated an increase in zinc content.”
t0“grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
XRF showed progressively higher zinc levels with increasing zinc oxide applications in all varieties.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Using XRF, progressively higher levels were observed in all varieties, with increasing applications with OZn and SZn.”
t0“grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
XRF showed progressively higher zinc levels with increasing zinc sulfate applications in all varieties.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Using XRF, progressively higher levels were observed in all varieties, with increasing applications with OZn and SZn.”
t0“grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Atomic absorption gave an average biofortification index of 17.3% -123% at harvest.
Verbatim
e0“the average biofortification index at harvest varied between 17.3% -123%.”
t0“grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc oxide substantially raised zinc in Castelao grape skin.
- Taxon
- grapest0
- Material
- Castelaoe0
- Organ / stage
- grape’s skine0
- Treatment
- zinc oxidee0
- Outcome
- zinc levelse0
- Direction
- risee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Castelao, Syrah and Fernao Pires showed a substantial rise in zinc levels in the grape’s skin, with the application of zinc oxide or zinc sulfate.”
t0“grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulfate substantially raised zinc in Castelao grape skin.
- Taxon
- grapest0
- Material
- Castelaoe0
- Organ / stage
- grape’s skine0
- Treatment
- zinc sulfatee0
- Outcome
- zinc levelse0
- Direction
- risee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Castelao, Syrah and Fernao Pires showed a substantial rise in zinc levels in the grape’s skin, with the application of zinc oxide or zinc sulfate.”
t0“grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc oxide substantially raised zinc in Syrah grape skin.
- Taxon
- grapest0
- Material
- Syrahe0
- Organ / stage
- grape’s skine0
- Treatment
- zinc oxidee0
- Outcome
- zinc levelse0
- Direction
- risee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Castelao, Syrah and Fernao Pires showed a substantial rise in zinc levels in the grape’s skin, with the application of zinc oxide or zinc sulfate.”
t0“grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulfate substantially raised zinc in Syrah grape skin.
- Taxon
- grapest0
- Material
- Syrahe0
- Organ / stage
- grape’s skine0
- Treatment
- zinc sulfatee0
- Outcome
- zinc levelse0
- Direction
- risee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Castelao, Syrah and Fernao Pires showed a substantial rise in zinc levels in the grape’s skin, with the application of zinc oxide or zinc sulfate.”
t0“grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc oxide substantially raised zinc in Fernao Pires grape skin.
- Taxon
- grapest0
- Material
- Fernao Pirese0
- Organ / stage
- grape’s skine0
- Treatment
- zinc oxidee0
- Outcome
- zinc levelse0
- Direction
- risee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Castelao, Syrah and Fernao Pires showed a substantial rise in zinc levels in the grape’s skin, with the application of zinc oxide or zinc sulfate.”
t0“grapes”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulfate substantially raised zinc in Fernao Pires grape skin.
- Taxon
- grapest0
- Material
- Fernao Pirese0
- Organ / stage
- grape’s skine0
- Treatment
- zinc sulfatee0
- Outcome
- zinc levelse0
- Direction
- risee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Castelao, Syrah and Fernao Pires showed a substantial rise in zinc levels in the grape’s skin, with the application of zinc oxide or zinc sulfate.”
t0“grapes”
The same questions in other papers
zinc sulfate · nutrient: content · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
zinc oxide · nutrient: content · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.