Abstract
An investigation was carried out during kharif and rabi seasons of 2013-14 and 2014-15 at Agricultural Research Station, Bheemarayanagudi to find out the effect of green and brown manuring on yield and N uptake by maize – wheat cropping system under UKP command. Significantly higher biomass ( 1.67 t ha- 1) and N accumulation ( 55.11 kg ha-1) was recorded with sunnhemp as green manuring in 1:2 ratio followed by sunnhemp as brown manuring in 1:2 ratio compared to other treatments. Sunnhemp recorded higher N content (3.23 to 3.31%) followed by cowpea (3.16 to 3.18%) as compared to dhaincha (2.75 to 2.82%). The grain yield of maize (55.35 q ha-1) was significantly higher with sunnhemp as green manuring in 1:2 row proportions compared to sole maize (60 cm x 20 cm) without manuring (43.85 q ha-1) and it was found on par with sunnhemp, cowpea and dhaincha as brown manuring in 1:1 and 1: 2 row proportions in maize. The residual effect of legume species used as green and brown manuring in preceding maize was affected significantly on succeeding wheat crop and maintained same trend as that of maize. Varying levels of N did not vary on the performance of wheat. The maximum uptake of N was noticed with sunnhemp as green manuring in 1:2 row proportion followed by sunnhemp as brown manuring 1:2 row proportions in maize – wheat cropping system. Therefore, these treatments resulted in lesser net loss/ gain in N content in soil. The lowest uptake of N and higher net loss/ gain in N content in soil was recorded in sole maize (60 cm x 20 cm) - wheat sequence. The higher net returns and B:C ratio were observed with these treatments compared to sole maize (60 cm x 20 cm) - wheat sequence.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Sunnhemp green manuring in 1:2 ratio gave higher maize biomass than other treatments.
- Treatment
- sunnhemp as green manuring in 1:2 ratioe1
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 1.67 t ha- 1e1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
- Setting
- Agricultural Research Station, Bheemarayanagudie3
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize: Wheat cropping system”
e1“Significantly higher biomass ( 1.67 t ha- 1) and N accumulation ( 55.11 kg ha-1) was recorded with sunnhemp as green manuring in 1:2 ratio followed by sunnhemp as brown manuring in 1:2 ratio compared to other treatments”
e3“at Agricultural Research Station, Bheemarayanagudi”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunnhemp green manuring in 1:2 ratio gave higher N accumulation than other treatments.
- Treatment
- sunnhemp as green manuring in 1:2 ratioe1
- Outcome
- N accumulatione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 55.11 kg ha-1e1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize: Wheat cropping system”
e1“Significantly higher biomass ( 1.67 t ha- 1) and N accumulation ( 55.11 kg ha-1) was recorded with sunnhemp as green manuring in 1:2 ratio followed by sunnhemp as brown manuring in 1:2 ratio compared to other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunnhemp had higher N content than dhaincha in the maize-wheat system.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize: Wheat cropping system”
e2“Sunnhemp recorded higher N content (3.23 to 3.31%) followed by cowpea (3.16 to 3.18%) as compared to dhaincha (2.75 to 2.82%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunnhemp green manuring in 1:2 row proportions significantly increased maize grain yield compared with sole maize without manuring.
- Treatment
- sunnhemp as green manuring in 1:2 row proportionse3
- Outcome
- grain yield of maizee3
- Direction
- significantly highere3
- Value
- 55.35 q ha-1e3
- Qualifier
- 43.85 q ha-1e3
- Comparator
- sole maize (60 cm x 20 cm) without manuringe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize: Wheat cropping system”
e3“The grain yield of maize (55.35 q ha-1) was significantly higher with sunnhemp as green manuring in 1:2 row proportions compared to sole maize (60 cm x 20 cm) without manuring (43.85 q ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Brown manuring with sunnhemp, cowpea or dhaincha in maize was on par with sunnhemp green manuring in grain yield.
- Treatment
- sunnhemp, cowpea and dhaincha as brown manuring in 1:1 and 1: 2 row proportionse4
- Outcome
- grain yield of maizee3
- Direction
- on pare4
- Comparator
- sunnhemp as green manuring in 1:2 row proportionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize: Wheat cropping system”
e3“The grain yield of maize (55.35 q ha-1) was significantly higher with sunnhemp as green manuring in 1:2 row proportions compared to sole maize (60 cm x 20 cm) without manuring (43.85 q ha-1)”
e4“it was found on par with sunnhemp, cowpea and dhaincha as brown manuring in 1:1 and 1: 2 row proportions in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The residual effect of legume green and brown manuring significantly affected the succeeding wheat crop.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- residual effect of legume species used as green and brown manuringe5
- Outcome
- succeeding wheat crope5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize: Wheat cropping system”
e5“The residual effect of legume species used as green and brown manuring in preceding maize was affected significantly on succeeding wheat crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Varying N levels did not change wheat performance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Varying levels of Ne6
- Outcome
- performance of wheate6
- Direction
- did not varye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize: Wheat cropping system”
e6“Varying levels of N did not vary on the performance of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunnhemp green manuring in 1:2 row proportion gave the maximum N uptake in the maize-wheat system.
- Treatment
- sunnhemp as green manuring in 1:2 row proportione7
- Outcome
- uptake of Ne7
- Direction
- maximume7
- Comparator
- sunnhemp as brown manuring 1:2 row proportionse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize: Wheat cropping system”
e7“The maximum uptake of N was noticed with sunnhemp as green manuring in 1:2 row proportion followed by sunnhemp as brown manuring 1:2 row proportions in maize – wheat cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
The sole maize-wheat sequence had the lowest N uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize: Wheat cropping system”
e0“The lowest uptake of N and higher net loss/ gain in N content in soil was recorded in sole maize (60 cm x 20 cm) - wheat sequence”
Claim · model-written summary
The sole maize-wheat sequence had higher net loss or gain in soil N content.
- Treatment
- sole maize (60 cm x 20 cm) - wheat sequencee0
- Outcome
- net loss/ gain in N content in soile0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize: Wheat cropping system”
e0“The lowest uptake of N and higher net loss/ gain in N content in soil was recorded in sole maize (60 cm x 20 cm) - wheat sequence”
Claim · model-written summary
The manuring treatments gave higher net returns and B:C ratio than the sole maize-wheat sequence.
- Treatment
- these treatmentse1
- Outcome
- net returns and B:C ratioe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- sole maize (60 cm x 20 cm) - wheat sequencee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize: Wheat cropping system”
e1“The higher net returns and B:C ratio were observed with these treatments compared to sole maize (60 cm x 20 cm) - wheat sequence”
Claim · model-written summary
The manuring treatments resulted in lesser net loss or gain in soil N content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize: Wheat cropping system”
e2“Therefore, these treatments resulted in lesser net loss/ gain in N content in soil”
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