Abstract
Abstract Each year 25–75% of banana and plantain yields are lost because of rhizome damages caused by banana weevil ( Cosmopolites sordidus ) in growing regions of sub‐Saharan Africa. However, the specific plant defence response of the rhizome tissue in relation to the C. sordidus attack is unknown. Consequently, in this study, we evaluated whether plant defence substances in the rhizome are correlated with the degree of larval damage and whether applications of methyl jasmonate (MJ) elicit a greater induction of the plant defence potential against C. sordidus . Moreover, we attempted to reveal cellular modifications in response to the root feeding herbivore through histochemical staining. The banana cultivars “Km5” and “Mbwazirume” with tolerance and susceptibility to C. sordidus , respectively, were used in a pot experiment to evaluate percent rhizome damage, leaf chlorophyll content, total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity and cell morphology in response to C. sordidus attack and/or MJ applications compared to untreated control plants. We found that C. sordidus ‐induced rhizome damage was 30% in the susceptible cultivar but less than 5% in the tolerant cultivar. The percent rhizome damage was not related to leaf chlorophyll content but showed a significant negative linear relationship to both TPC and antioxidant capacity. Larvae feeding induced a considerably greater increase of polyphenolic defence compounds in Km5 than in Mbwazirume; however, this response was opposite in the MJ treatment, suggesting that the phytohormone induced the susceptible plant to invest more into the synthesis of defence chemicals that in turn lead to reduced C. sordidus damage. Tissue staining demonstrated a greater deposition of lignin and suberin in C. sordidus challenged rhizome, presumably to seal off healthy tissue with a physical barrier from continued pest attack. It is concluded that MJ induces polyphenolics in susceptible Mbwazirume banana that reduced C. sordidus damage.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Weevil damage was 30% in susceptible Mbwazirume.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Mbwazirumee1
- Interactor
- C. sordidus
Cosmopolites sordiduse0pest - Outcome
- C. sordidus ‐induced rhizome damagee0
- Value
- 30%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. sordidus ‐induced rhizome damage was 30% in the susceptible cultivar but less than 5% in the tolerant cultivar”
t0“Banana defence responses to Cosmopolites sordidus feeding and methyl jasmonate application”
e1“The banana cultivars “Km5” and “Mbwazirume” with tolerance and susceptibility to C. sordidus”
Claim · model-written summary
Weevil damage was below 5% in tolerant Km5.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Km5e1
- Interactor
- C. sordidusCosmopolites sordiduse0pest
- Outcome
- C. sordidus ‐induced rhizome damagee0
- Value
- less than 5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. sordidus ‐induced rhizome damage was 30% in the susceptible cultivar but less than 5% in the tolerant cultivar”
t0“Banana defence responses to Cosmopolites sordidus feeding and methyl jasmonate application”
e1“The banana cultivars “Km5” and “Mbwazirume” with tolerance and susceptibility to C. sordidus”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizome damage was unrelated to leaf chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Organ / stage
- rhizomee0
- Interactor
- C. sordidusCosmopolites sordiduse1pestt0
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percent rhizome damage was not related to leaf chlorophyll content”
t0“Banana defence responses to Cosmopolites sordidus feeding and methyl jasmonate application”
e1“The banana cultivars “Km5” and “Mbwazirume” with tolerance and susceptibility to C. sordidus”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizome damage was negatively related to total phenolics.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“showed a significant negative linear relationship to both TPC and antioxidant capacity”
t0“Banana defence responses to Cosmopolites sordidus feeding and methyl jasmonate application”
e1“The banana cultivars “Km5” and “Mbwazirume” with tolerance and susceptibility to C. sordidus”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizome damage was negatively related to antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Interactor
- C. sordidusCosmopolites sordiduse1pestt0
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“showed a significant negative linear relationship to both TPC and antioxidant capacity”
t0“Banana defence responses to Cosmopolites sordidus feeding and methyl jasmonate application”
e1“The banana cultivars “Km5” and “Mbwazirume” with tolerance and susceptibility to C. sordidus”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval feeding induced more polyphenolics in Km5 than Mbwazirume.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Km5e0
- Treatment
- Larvae feedinge0
- Interactor
- Cosmopolites sordidusCosmopolites sordidust0pest
- Outcome
- polyphenolic defence compoundse0
- Direction
- greater increasee0
- Comparator
- Mbwazirumee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Larvae feeding induced a considerably greater increase of polyphenolic defence compounds in Km5 than in Mbwazirume”
t0“Banana defence responses to Cosmopolites sordidus feeding and methyl jasmonate application”
e1“The banana cultivars “Km5” and “Mbwazirume” with tolerance and susceptibility to C. sordidus”
Claim · model-written summary
MJ treatment induced a stronger chemical defence response in susceptible banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Mbwazirumee1
- Treatment
- MJ treatmente0
- Outcome
- synthesis of defence chemicalse0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“this response was opposite in the MJ treatment, suggesting that the phytohormone induced the susceptible plant to invest more into the synthesis of defence chemicals”
t0“Banana defence responses to Cosmopolites sordidus feeding and methyl jasmonate application”
e1“The banana cultivars “Km5” and “Mbwazirume” with tolerance and susceptibility to C. sordidus”
Claim · model-written summary
Pest challenged rhizomes deposited more lignin and suberin.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- C. sordidus challengede0
- Interactor
- C. sordidusCosmopolites sordiduse0pest
- Outcome
- deposition of lignin and suberine0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tissue staining demonstrated a greater deposition of lignin and suberin in C. sordidus challenged rhizome”
t0“Banana defence responses to Cosmopolites sordidus feeding and methyl jasmonate application”
e1“The banana cultivars “Km5” and “Mbwazirume” with tolerance and susceptibility to C. sordidus”
Claim · model-written summary
MJ induced polyphenolics and reduced weevil damage in Mbwazirume.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Mbwazirumee0
- Treatment
- MJe0
- Interactor
- C. sordidusCosmopolites sordiduse0pest
- Outcome
- C. sordidus damagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MJ induces polyphenolics in susceptible Mbwazirume banana that reduced C. sordidus damage”
t0“Banana defence responses to Cosmopolites sordidus feeding and methyl jasmonate application”
e1“The banana cultivars “Km5” and “Mbwazirume” with tolerance and susceptibility to C. sordidus”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.