Paper · 2020 · Bangladesh Journal of Botany

Effects of vermicompost and PK on growth and protein content of spinach (Spinacia oleracia L.)

Md Mahfuz Islam; Sayada Momotaz Akther; Shahin Ahmed Sujon; et al.

13
claims
24
verbatim quotes
5
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

Results of a pot experiment carried out on spinach with vermicompost (5, 10 and 15 ton/ha), phospho-rous (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and potassium (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha) fertilizers showed that plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants increased significantly (p ≤ 0.5) over the control. Highest height (23.55 cm), leaf area (80.88 cm2/plant), fresh weight (3.838 g/plant) and dry weight (0.274 g/plant) were maximum in VC15P20K30, VC15P30K30, VC10P20K30 and VC10P10K40, respectively, while leaf number was almost same in all the plants. Highest protein content (24.61%) was obtained in the treatment VC15P10K20. Highest dry matter of leaf was obtained at VC10P10K40, but the highest protein content was at VC15P10K20 which might be due to dilution effect. Similar values of protein content were obtained in treatments VC5P20K30, VC5P20K40, VC5P30K20, VC15P10K40, VC15P20K30 and VC15P30K20. Maximum value of nitrogen, phosphorous (1.621%) and potassium (4.066%) were obtained in treatments VC5P20K20 and VC10 P30 K40, VC15 P10 K20, respectively.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 13

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Vermicompost with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers significantly increased plant height and leaf area of spinach over the control.

Treatment
vermicompost (5, 10 and 15 ton/ha), phospho-rous (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and potassium (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha) fertilizerse1
Outcome
plant height, leaf areae1
Direction
increasede1
Qualifier
p ≤ 0.5e1
Comparator
controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Results of a pot experiment carried out on spinach with vermicompost (5, 10 and 15 ton/ha), phospho-rous (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and potassium (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha) fertilizers showed that plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants increased significantly (p ≤ 0.5) over the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–293 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Vermicompost with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers significantly increased fresh and dry weight of spinach plants over the control.

Treatment
vermicompost (5, 10 and 15 ton/ha), phospho-rous (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and potassium (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha) fertilizerse1
Outcome
fresh and dry weighte1
Direction
increasede1
Qualifier
p ≤ 0.5e1
Comparator
controle1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Results of a pot experiment carried out on spinach with vermicompost (5, 10 and 15 ton/ha), phospho-rous (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and potassium (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha) fertilizers showed that plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants increased significantly (p ≤ 0.5) over the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–293 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment VC15P20K30 gave the highest plant height of spinach (23.55 cm).

Treatment
VC15P20K30e2
Outcome
heighte2
Direction
Higheste2
Value
23.55 cme2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Results of a pot experiment carried out on spinach with vermicompost (5, 10 and 15 ton/ha), phospho-rous (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and potassium (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha) fertilizers showed that plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants increased significantly (p ≤ 0.5) over the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–293 · show in text ↑
e2

“Highest height (23.55 cm), leaf area (80.88 cm2/plant), fresh weight (3.838 g/plant) and dry weight (0.274 g/plant) were maximum in VC15P20K30, VC15P30K30, VC10P20K30 and VC10P10K40, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 295–490 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment VC15P30K30 gave the highest leaf area of spinach (80.88 cm2/plant).

Treatment
VC15P30K30e2
Outcome
leaf areae2
Direction
Higheste2
Value
80.88 cm2/plante2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Results of a pot experiment carried out on spinach with vermicompost (5, 10 and 15 ton/ha), phospho-rous (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and potassium (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha) fertilizers showed that plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants increased significantly (p ≤ 0.5) over the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–293 · show in text ↑
e2

“Highest height (23.55 cm), leaf area (80.88 cm2/plant), fresh weight (3.838 g/plant) and dry weight (0.274 g/plant) were maximum in VC15P20K30, VC15P30K30, VC10P20K30 and VC10P10K40, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 295–490 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment VC10P20K30 gave the highest fresh weight of spinach (3.838 g/plant).

Treatment
VC10P20K30e2
Outcome
fresh weighte2
Direction
Higheste2
Value
3.838 g/plante2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Results of a pot experiment carried out on spinach with vermicompost (5, 10 and 15 ton/ha), phospho-rous (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and potassium (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha) fertilizers showed that plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants increased significantly (p ≤ 0.5) over the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–293 · show in text ↑
e2

“Highest height (23.55 cm), leaf area (80.88 cm2/plant), fresh weight (3.838 g/plant) and dry weight (0.274 g/plant) were maximum in VC15P20K30, VC15P30K30, VC10P20K30 and VC10P10K40, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 295–490 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment VC10P10K40 gave the highest dry weight of spinach (0.274 g/plant).

Treatment
VC10P10K40e2
Outcome
dry weighte2
Direction
Higheste2
Value
0.274 g/plante2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Results of a pot experiment carried out on spinach with vermicompost (5, 10 and 15 ton/ha), phospho-rous (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and potassium (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha) fertilizers showed that plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants increased significantly (p ≤ 0.5) over the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–293 · show in text ↑
e2

“Highest height (23.55 cm), leaf area (80.88 cm2/plant), fresh weight (3.838 g/plant) and dry weight (0.274 g/plant) were maximum in VC15P20K30, VC15P30K30, VC10P20K30 and VC10P10K40, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 295–490 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Leaf number of spinach was almost the same across the fertilizer treatments.

Treatment
vermicompost (5, 10 and 15 ton/ha)e1
Outcome
leaf numbere3
Direction
almost samee3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Results of a pot experiment carried out on spinach with vermicompost (5, 10 and 15 ton/ha), phospho-rous (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and potassium (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha) fertilizers showed that plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants increased significantly (p ≤ 0.5) over the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–293 · show in text ↑
e3

“while leaf number was almost same in all the plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 492–543 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment VC15P10K20 gave the highest protein content of spinach (24.61%).

Treatment
VC15P10K20e4
Outcome
protein contente4
Direction
Higheste4
Value
24.61%e4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Results of a pot experiment carried out on spinach with vermicompost (5, 10 and 15 ton/ha), phospho-rous (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and potassium (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha) fertilizers showed that plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants increased significantly (p ≤ 0.5) over the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–293 · show in text ↑
e4

“Highest protein content (24.61%) was obtained in the treatment VC15P10K20”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 545–618 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment VC10P10K40 gave the highest dry matter of spinach leaf.

Treatment
VC10P10K40e5
Outcome
dry matter of leafe5
Direction
Higheste5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Results of a pot experiment carried out on spinach with vermicompost (5, 10 and 15 ton/ha), phospho-rous (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and potassium (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha) fertilizers showed that plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants increased significantly (p ≤ 0.5) over the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–293 · show in text ↑
e5

“Highest dry matter of leaf was obtained at VC10P10K40”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 620–673 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Six fertilizer treatments gave similar protein content in spinach.

Treatment
VC5P20K30, VC5P20K40, VC5P30K20, VC15P10K40, VC15P20K30 and VC15P30K20e6
Outcome
protein contente6
Direction
Similar valuese6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Results of a pot experiment carried out on spinach with vermicompost (5, 10 and 15 ton/ha), phospho-rous (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and potassium (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha) fertilizers showed that plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants increased significantly (p ≤ 0.5) over the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–293 · show in text ↑
e6

“Similar values of protein content were obtained in treatments VC5P20K30, VC5P20K40, VC5P30K20, VC15P10K40, VC15P20K30 and VC15P30K20”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 764–896 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment VC5P20K20 gave the maximum nitrogen content of spinach.

Treatment
VC5P20K20e7
Outcome
nitrogene7
Direction
Maximum valuee7

Not reportedComparatorValue

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Results of a pot experiment carried out on spinach with vermicompost (5, 10 and 15 ton/ha), phospho-rous (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and potassium (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha) fertilizers showed that plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants increased significantly (p ≤ 0.5) over the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–293 · show in text ↑
e7

“Maximum value of nitrogen, phosphorous (1.621%) and potassium (4.066%) were obtained in treatments VC5P20K20 and VC10 P30 K40, VC15 P10 K20, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 898–1051 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment VC10 P30 K40 gave the maximum phosphorous content of spinach (1.621%).

Treatment
VC10 P30 K40e7
Outcome
phosphorouse7
Direction
Maximum valuee7
Value
1.621%e7

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Results of a pot experiment carried out on spinach with vermicompost (5, 10 and 15 ton/ha), phospho-rous (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and potassium (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha) fertilizers showed that plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants increased significantly (p ≤ 0.5) over the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–293 · show in text ↑
e7

“Maximum value of nitrogen, phosphorous (1.621%) and potassium (4.066%) were obtained in treatments VC5P20K20 and VC10 P30 K40, VC15 P10 K20, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 898–1051 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment VC15 P10 K20 gave the maximum potassium content of spinach (4.066%).

Treatment
VC15 P10 K20e7
Outcome
potassiume7
Direction
Maximum valuee7
Value
4.066%e7

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Results of a pot experiment carried out on spinach with vermicompost (5, 10 and 15 ton/ha), phospho-rous (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) and potassium (20, 30 and 40 kg/ha) fertilizers showed that plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants increased significantly (p ≤ 0.5) over the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–293 · show in text ↑
e7

“Maximum value of nitrogen, phosphorous (1.621%) and potassium (4.066%) were obtained in treatments VC5P20K20 and VC10 P30 K40, VC15 P10 K20, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 898–1051 · show in text ↑

potassium · growth · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Positive and negative results

12 papers: 8 positive, 4 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

8 papers more in this group

See all 12 papers →

fertilization · growth · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Positive and negative results

79 papers: 71 positive, 8 negative or no effect

70 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

75 papers more in this group

See all 79 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.