Abstract
Melampsora larici-populina (Mlp), the causal agent of Populus leaf rust, secretes an array of effectors into the host through the haustorium to gain nutrients and suppress immunity. The precise mechanisms by which these effectors promote virulence remain unclear. To address this question, we developed a transgenic Arabidopsis line expressing a candidate effector, Mlp124357. Constitutive expression of the effector increased plant susceptibility to pathogens. A GxxxG motif present in Mlp124357 is required for its subcellular localization at the vacuolar membrane of the plant cell, as replacement of the glycine residues with alanines led to the delocalization of Mlp124357 to the nucleus and cytoplasm. We used immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry (MS) to identify Mlp124357 interaction partners. Only one of the putative interaction partners knock-out line caused delocalization of the effector, indicating that Arabidopsis protein disulfide isomerase-11 (AtPDI-11) is required for the effector localization. This interaction was further confirmed by a complementation test, a yeast-two hybrid assay and a molecular modeling experiment. Moreover, localization results and infection assays suggest that AtPDI-11 act as a helper for Mlp124357. In summary, our findings established that one of Mlp effectors resides at the vacuole surface and modulates plant susceptibility.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive expression of Mlp124357 increased Arabidopsis susceptibility to pathogens.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- Constitutive expression of the effectore0
- Gene
- Mlp124357e0
- Outcome
- plant susceptibility to pathogense0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To address this question, we developed a transgenic Arabidopsis line expressing a candidate effector, Mlp124357. Constitutive expression of the effector increased plant susceptibility to pathogens.”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing GxxxG glycine residues with alanines moved Mlp124357 from the vacuolar membrane to nucleus and cytoplasm.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Treatment
- replacement of the glycine residues with alaninese0
- Gene
- Mlp124357e0
- Outcome
- delocalization of Mlp124357 to the nucleus and cytoplasme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A GxxxG motif present in Mlp124357 is required for its subcellular localization at the vacuolar membrane of the plant cell, as replacement of the glycine residues with alanines led to the delocalization of Mlp124357 to the nucleus and cytoplasm.”
e1“transgenic Arabidopsis line”
Claim · model-written summary
AtPDI-11 was required for effector localization.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- AtPDI-11e0
- Outcome
- effector localizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis protein disulfide isomerase-11 (AtPDI-11) is required for the effector localization.”
Claim · model-written summary
Interaction between Mlp124357 and AtPDI-11 was confirmed by three approaches.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Outcome
- interactione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This interaction was further confirmed by a complementation test, a yeast-two hybrid assay and a molecular modeling experiment.”
e1“transgenic Arabidopsis line”
Claim · model-written summary
AtPDI-11 was suggested to help Mlp124357.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- AtPDI-11e0
- Outcome
- helper for Mlp124357e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“localization results and infection assays suggest that AtPDI-11 act as a helper for Mlp124357.”
e1“transgenic Arabidopsis line”
Claim · model-written summary
An Mlp effector was established to reside at the vacuole surface and modulate susceptibility.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- Mlpe0
- Outcome
- plant susceptibilitye0
- Qualifier
- resides at the vacuole surfacee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one of Mlp effectors resides at the vacuole surface and modulates plant susceptibility.”
e1“transgenic Arabidopsis line”
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