Abstract
A novel and preliminary field study was conducted on the efficacy of animal urine against gram pod borer, H. armigera (Hubner) on chickpea at experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during rabi crop seasons of 2016-17 and 17-18. The pooled data for both the years clearly showed that all the treatments were found significantly superior over control. The data on mean larval population, pod damage and grain yield was obtained for Indoxacarb (14.5 SC) @ 0.9ml/l (3.34larvae/plant, 11.38% and 15.15q/ha) showed that the chemical was performed the best among the treatments followed by Desi cow urine (4.50larvae/plant, 13.00%, 12.92q/ha), Horse urine(4.33 larvae /plant), 13.97%, 12.55q/ha) and Goat urine (5.83larvae/plant,15.65%,12.25q/ha) in comparison to untreated control (19.34larvae/plant, 38.70%, 5.51q/ha). On the other hand, the mean population of pupae of parasitoid, Campoletis chloridae was recorded the least (0.78/plant) in Indoxacarb and significantly more per plant (2.42.2.42 and 2.00) in Desi cow urine, Horse urine and Goat urine treated plots, respectively. Thus, the present novel study clearly revealed that animal urine can safely and effectively be incorporated in integrated pest management schedule against Helicoverpa armigera on chickpea.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
All animal urine treatments and the chemical control were significantly superior to the untreated control against H. armigera on chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Treatment
- animal urinee0
- Interactor
- H. armigera
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerae0pest - Outcome
- mean larval population, pod damage and grain yielde2
- Direction
- superiore1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“efficacy of animal urine against gram pod borer, H. armigera (Hubner) on chickpea at experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during rabi crop seasons of 2016-17 and 17-18”
e1“all the treatments were found significantly superior over control”
e2“The data on mean larval population, pod damage and grain yield was obtained”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoxacarb at 0.9 ml/l gave a mean larval population of 3.34 larvae per plant on chickpea, below the control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Indoxacarb (14.5 SC) @ 0.9ml/le3
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- mean larval populatione2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Value
- 3.34larvae/plante3
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efficacy of animal urine against gram pod borer, H. armigera (Hubner) on chickpea at experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during rabi crop seasons of 2016-17 and 17-18”
e1“all the treatments were found significantly superior over control”
e2“The data on mean larval population, pod damage and grain yield was obtained”
e3“Indoxacarb (14.5 SC) @ 0.9ml/l (3.34larvae/plant, 11.38% and 15.15q/ha) showed that the chemical was performed the best among the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoxacarb at 0.9 ml/l gave 11.38% pod damage on chickpea, below the control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Indoxacarb (14.5 SC) @ 0.9ml/le3
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- pod damagee2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Value
- 11.38%e3
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efficacy of animal urine against gram pod borer, H. armigera (Hubner) on chickpea at experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during rabi crop seasons of 2016-17 and 17-18”
e1“all the treatments were found significantly superior over control”
e2“The data on mean larval population, pod damage and grain yield was obtained”
e3“Indoxacarb (14.5 SC) @ 0.9ml/l (3.34larvae/plant, 11.38% and 15.15q/ha) showed that the chemical was performed the best among the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoxacarb at 0.9 ml/l gave 15.15 q/ha grain yield on chickpea, above the control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Indoxacarb (14.5 SC) @ 0.9ml/le3
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 15.15q/hae3
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efficacy of animal urine against gram pod borer, H. armigera (Hubner) on chickpea at experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during rabi crop seasons of 2016-17 and 17-18”
e1“all the treatments were found significantly superior over control”
e2“The data on mean larval population, pod damage and grain yield was obtained”
e3“Indoxacarb (14.5 SC) @ 0.9ml/l (3.34larvae/plant, 11.38% and 15.15q/ha) showed that the chemical was performed the best among the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Desi cow urine gave a mean larval population of 4.50 larvae per plant on chickpea, below the control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Desi cow urinee4
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- mean larval populatione2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Value
- 4.50larvae/plante4
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efficacy of animal urine against gram pod borer, H. armigera (Hubner) on chickpea at experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during rabi crop seasons of 2016-17 and 17-18”
e1“all the treatments were found significantly superior over control”
e2“The data on mean larval population, pod damage and grain yield was obtained”
e4“Desi cow urine (4.50larvae/plant, 13.00%, 12.92q/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Desi cow urine gave 13.00% pod damage on chickpea, below the control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Desi cow urinee4
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- pod damagee2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Value
- 13.00%e4
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efficacy of animal urine against gram pod borer, H. armigera (Hubner) on chickpea at experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during rabi crop seasons of 2016-17 and 17-18”
e1“all the treatments were found significantly superior over control”
e2“The data on mean larval population, pod damage and grain yield was obtained”
e4“Desi cow urine (4.50larvae/plant, 13.00%, 12.92q/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Desi cow urine gave 12.92 q/ha grain yield on chickpea, above the control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Desi cow urinee4
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 12.92q/hae4
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efficacy of animal urine against gram pod borer, H. armigera (Hubner) on chickpea at experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during rabi crop seasons of 2016-17 and 17-18”
e1“all the treatments were found significantly superior over control”
e2“The data on mean larval population, pod damage and grain yield was obtained”
e4“Desi cow urine (4.50larvae/plant, 13.00%, 12.92q/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Horse urine gave a mean larval population of 4.33 larvae per plant on chickpea, below the control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Horse urinee5
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- mean larval populatione2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Value
- 4.33 larvae /plante5
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efficacy of animal urine against gram pod borer, H. armigera (Hubner) on chickpea at experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during rabi crop seasons of 2016-17 and 17-18”
e1“all the treatments were found significantly superior over control”
e2“The data on mean larval population, pod damage and grain yield was obtained”
e5“Horse urine(4.33 larvae /plant), 13.97%, 12.55q/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Horse urine gave 13.97% pod damage on chickpea, below the control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Horse urinee5
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- pod damagee2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Value
- 13.97%e5
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efficacy of animal urine against gram pod borer, H. armigera (Hubner) on chickpea at experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during rabi crop seasons of 2016-17 and 17-18”
e1“all the treatments were found significantly superior over control”
e2“The data on mean larval population, pod damage and grain yield was obtained”
e5“Horse urine(4.33 larvae /plant), 13.97%, 12.55q/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Horse urine gave 12.55 q/ha grain yield on chickpea, above the control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Horse urinee5
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 12.55q/hae5
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efficacy of animal urine against gram pod borer, H. armigera (Hubner) on chickpea at experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during rabi crop seasons of 2016-17 and 17-18”
e1“all the treatments were found significantly superior over control”
e2“The data on mean larval population, pod damage and grain yield was obtained”
e5“Horse urine(4.33 larvae /plant), 13.97%, 12.55q/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Goat urine gave a mean larval population of 5.83 larvae per plant on chickpea, below the control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Goat urinee6
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- mean larval populatione2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Value
- 5.83larvae/plante6
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efficacy of animal urine against gram pod borer, H. armigera (Hubner) on chickpea at experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during rabi crop seasons of 2016-17 and 17-18”
e1“all the treatments were found significantly superior over control”
e2“The data on mean larval population, pod damage and grain yield was obtained”
e6“Goat urine (5.83larvae/plant,15.65%,12.25q/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Goat urine gave 15.65% pod damage on chickpea, below the control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Goat urinee6
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- pod damagee2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Value
- 15.65%e6
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efficacy of animal urine against gram pod borer, H. armigera (Hubner) on chickpea at experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during rabi crop seasons of 2016-17 and 17-18”
e1“all the treatments were found significantly superior over control”
e2“The data on mean larval population, pod damage and grain yield was obtained”
e6“Goat urine (5.83larvae/plant,15.65%,12.25q/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Goat urine gave 12.25 q/ha grain yield on chickpea, above the control.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Goat urinee6
- Interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 12.25q/hae6
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efficacy of animal urine against gram pod borer, H. armigera (Hubner) on chickpea at experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during rabi crop seasons of 2016-17 and 17-18”
e1“all the treatments were found significantly superior over control”
e2“The data on mean larval population, pod damage and grain yield was obtained”
e6“Goat urine (5.83larvae/plant,15.65%,12.25q/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoxacarb recorded the lowest population of the parasitoid Campoletis chloridae (pupae) on chickpea, at 0.78 per plant.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Indoxacarbe7
- Interactor
- Campoletis chloridaee7biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- mean population of pupae of parasitoide7
- Direction
- leaste7
- Value
- 0.78/plante7
- Comparator
- Desi cow urine, Horse urine and Goat urinee7
- Setting
- experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efficacy of animal urine against gram pod borer, H. armigera (Hubner) on chickpea at experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during rabi crop seasons of 2016-17 and 17-18”
e7“the mean population of pupae of parasitoid, Campoletis chloridae was recorded the least (0.78/plant) in Indoxacarb and significantly more per plant (2.42.2.42 and 2.00) in Desi cow urine, Horse urine and Goat urine treated plots, respectively. Thus, the present novel study clearly revealed that animal urine can safely and effectively be incorporated in integrated pest management schedule against Helicoverpa armigera on chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Desi cow urine, Horse urine and Goat urine significantly increased the pupae of the parasitoid Campoletis chloridae per plant on chickpea, compared with Indoxacarb.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Desi cow urine, Horse urine and Goat urinee7
- Interactor
- Campoletis chloridaee7biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- H. armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Outcome
- mean population of pupae of parasitoide7
- Direction
- moree7
- Value
- 2.42.2.42 and 2.00e7
- Comparator
- Indoxacarbe7
- Setting
- experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efficacy of animal urine against gram pod borer, H. armigera (Hubner) on chickpea at experimental farm NEBCRC, GBPUA&T Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during rabi crop seasons of 2016-17 and 17-18”
e7“the mean population of pupae of parasitoid, Campoletis chloridae was recorded the least (0.78/plant) in Indoxacarb and significantly more per plant (2.42.2.42 and 2.00) in Desi cow urine, Horse urine and Goat urine treated plots, respectively. Thus, the present novel study clearly revealed that animal urine can safely and effectively be incorporated in integrated pest management schedule against Helicoverpa armigera on chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Animal urine can safely and effectively be incorporated into an integrated pest management schedule against H. armigera on chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume7
- Treatment
- animal urinee7
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae7pest
- Outcome
- integrated pest management schedulee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“the mean population of pupae of parasitoid, Campoletis chloridae was recorded the least (0.78/plant) in Indoxacarb and significantly more per plant (2.42.2.42 and 2.00) in Desi cow urine, Horse urine and Goat urine treated plots, respectively. Thus, the present novel study clearly revealed that animal urine can safely and effectively be incorporated in integrated pest management schedule against Helicoverpa armigera on chickpea”
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See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.