Abstract
This investigation was carried out during growing season of 2015-16 on five years old apple tree cv. Xank grown in the orchard at Gavarky, Duhok governorate, Kurdistan region-Iraq. To study the effect of two girdling date (before full bloom and after fruit set), compost application at levels (0, 3 and 5 kg.tree-1) and sheep manure application at three levels (0, 4 and 6 kg.tree-1), on heavy metals accumulation in fruit of apple fruits. According to obtained results, it noticed that girdling (date 2) gave the higher level of Cd, Cu, pb, Zn at season 2015 (0.082, 2.30, 0.78 and 27.74 mg.kg-1) and season 2016 (0.82, 1.62, 0.31 and 9.19 mg.kg-1) respectively, and Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1 has significantly increased Cd, Cu, pb, Zn at season 2015 (0.076, 2.37, 0.38 and 36.22 mg.kg-1) while, at 2016 (0.073, 1.47, 0.35 and 10.86 mg.kg-1). Sheep manure specially at 6 kg.tree-1 significantly increased the Cd, pb, Cu, Zn at season (0.072, 2.34, 0.83 and 36.1 mg.kg-1), So at season 2016 (0.069, 1.67, 0.33 and 13.34 mg.kg-1). while, the interactions between girdling, compost and sheep manure significantly affected most studied parameters at girdling date two + 5 kg.Tree-1 of compost plus 6kg.tree-1 of sheep manure increased Cd, pb, Cu, Zn at season 2015 (0.121, 2.45, 0.41 and 38.00 mg.kg-1) however, at season 2016 (0.119,2.24,0.40 and 14.43 mg.kg-1) significantly.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
girdling (date 2) higher apple fruit Cd in 2015 to 0.082 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- girdling (date 2)e0
- Outcome
- Cde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.082e0
- Qualifier
- 2015e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“girdling (date 2) gave the higher level of Cd, Cu, pb, Zn at season 2015 (0.082, 2.30, 0.78 and 27.74 mg.kg-1) and season 2016 (0.82, 1.62, 0.31 and 9.19 mg.kg-1) respectively”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
girdling (date 2) higher apple fruit Cu in 2015 to 2.30 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- girdling (date 2)e0
- Outcome
- Cue0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.30e0
- Qualifier
- 2015e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“girdling (date 2) gave the higher level of Cd, Cu, pb, Zn at season 2015 (0.082, 2.30, 0.78 and 27.74 mg.kg-1) and season 2016 (0.82, 1.62, 0.31 and 9.19 mg.kg-1) respectively”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
girdling (date 2) higher apple fruit pb in 2015 to 0.78 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- girdling (date 2)e0
- Outcome
- pbe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.78e0
- Qualifier
- 2015e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“girdling (date 2) gave the higher level of Cd, Cu, pb, Zn at season 2015 (0.082, 2.30, 0.78 and 27.74 mg.kg-1) and season 2016 (0.82, 1.62, 0.31 and 9.19 mg.kg-1) respectively”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
girdling (date 2) higher apple fruit Zn in 2015 to 27.74 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- girdling (date 2)e0
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 27.74e0
- Qualifier
- 2015e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“girdling (date 2) gave the higher level of Cd, Cu, pb, Zn at season 2015 (0.082, 2.30, 0.78 and 27.74 mg.kg-1) and season 2016 (0.82, 1.62, 0.31 and 9.19 mg.kg-1) respectively”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
girdling (date 2) higher apple fruit Cd in 2016 to 0.82 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- girdling (date 2)e0
- Outcome
- Cde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.82e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“girdling (date 2) gave the higher level of Cd, Cu, pb, Zn at season 2015 (0.082, 2.30, 0.78 and 27.74 mg.kg-1) and season 2016 (0.82, 1.62, 0.31 and 9.19 mg.kg-1) respectively”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
girdling (date 2) higher apple fruit Cu in 2016 to 1.62 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- girdling (date 2)e0
- Outcome
- Cue0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.62e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“girdling (date 2) gave the higher level of Cd, Cu, pb, Zn at season 2015 (0.082, 2.30, 0.78 and 27.74 mg.kg-1) and season 2016 (0.82, 1.62, 0.31 and 9.19 mg.kg-1) respectively”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
girdling (date 2) higher apple fruit pb in 2016 to 0.31 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- girdling (date 2)e0
- Outcome
- pbe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.31e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“girdling (date 2) gave the higher level of Cd, Cu, pb, Zn at season 2015 (0.082, 2.30, 0.78 and 27.74 mg.kg-1) and season 2016 (0.82, 1.62, 0.31 and 9.19 mg.kg-1) respectively”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
girdling (date 2) higher apple fruit Zn in 2016 to 9.19 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- girdling (date 2)e0
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 9.19e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“girdling (date 2) gave the higher level of Cd, Cu, pb, Zn at season 2015 (0.082, 2.30, 0.78 and 27.74 mg.kg-1) and season 2016 (0.82, 1.62, 0.31 and 9.19 mg.kg-1) respectively”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1 increased apple fruit Cd in 2015 to 0.076 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1e0
- Outcome
- Cde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.076e0
- Qualifier
- 2015e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1 has significantly increased Cd, Cu, pb, Zn at season 2015 (0.076, 2.37, 0.38 and 36.22 mg.kg-1) while, at 2016 (0.073, 1.47, 0.35 and 10.86 mg.kg-1)”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1 increased apple fruit Cu in 2015 to 2.37 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1e0
- Outcome
- Cue0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.37e0
- Qualifier
- 2015e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1 has significantly increased Cd, Cu, pb, Zn at season 2015 (0.076, 2.37, 0.38 and 36.22 mg.kg-1) while, at 2016 (0.073, 1.47, 0.35 and 10.86 mg.kg-1)”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1 increased apple fruit pb in 2015 to 0.38 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1e0
- Outcome
- pbe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.38e0
- Qualifier
- 2015e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1 has significantly increased Cd, Cu, pb, Zn at season 2015 (0.076, 2.37, 0.38 and 36.22 mg.kg-1) while, at 2016 (0.073, 1.47, 0.35 and 10.86 mg.kg-1)”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1 increased apple fruit Zn in 2015 to 36.22 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1e0
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 36.22e0
- Qualifier
- 2015e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1 has significantly increased Cd, Cu, pb, Zn at season 2015 (0.076, 2.37, 0.38 and 36.22 mg.kg-1) while, at 2016 (0.073, 1.47, 0.35 and 10.86 mg.kg-1)”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1 increased apple fruit Cd in 2016 to 0.073 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1e0
- Outcome
- Cde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.073e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1 has significantly increased Cd, Cu, pb, Zn at season 2015 (0.076, 2.37, 0.38 and 36.22 mg.kg-1) while, at 2016 (0.073, 1.47, 0.35 and 10.86 mg.kg-1)”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1 increased apple fruit Cu in 2016 to 1.47 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1e0
- Outcome
- Cue0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.47e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1 has significantly increased Cd, Cu, pb, Zn at season 2015 (0.076, 2.37, 0.38 and 36.22 mg.kg-1) while, at 2016 (0.073, 1.47, 0.35 and 10.86 mg.kg-1)”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1 increased apple fruit pb in 2016 to 0.35 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1e0
- Outcome
- pbe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.35e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1 has significantly increased Cd, Cu, pb, Zn at season 2015 (0.076, 2.37, 0.38 and 36.22 mg.kg-1) while, at 2016 (0.073, 1.47, 0.35 and 10.86 mg.kg-1)”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1 increased apple fruit Zn in 2016 to 10.86 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1e0
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10.86e0
- Qualifier
- 2016e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost specially at 5kg. Tree-1 has significantly increased Cd, Cu, pb, Zn at season 2015 (0.076, 2.37, 0.38 and 36.22 mg.kg-1) while, at 2016 (0.073, 1.47, 0.35 and 10.86 mg.kg-1)”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Sheep manure specially at 6 kg.tree-1 increased apple fruit Cd in 2015 to 0.072 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- Sheep manure specially at 6 kg.tree-1e0
- Outcome
- Cde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.072e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparatorQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sheep manure specially at 6 kg.tree-1 significantly increased the Cd, pb, Cu, Zn at season (0.072, 2.34, 0.83 and 36.1 mg.kg-1), So at season 2016 (0.069, 1.67, 0.33 and 13.34 mg.kg-1)”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Sheep manure specially at 6 kg.tree-1 increased apple fruit pb in 2015 to 2.34 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- Sheep manure specially at 6 kg.tree-1e0
- Outcome
- pbe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.34e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparatorQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sheep manure specially at 6 kg.tree-1 significantly increased the Cd, pb, Cu, Zn at season (0.072, 2.34, 0.83 and 36.1 mg.kg-1), So at season 2016 (0.069, 1.67, 0.33 and 13.34 mg.kg-1)”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Sheep manure specially at 6 kg.tree-1 increased apple fruit Cu in 2015 to 0.83 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- Sheep manure specially at 6 kg.tree-1e0
- Outcome
- Cue0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.83e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparatorQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sheep manure specially at 6 kg.tree-1 significantly increased the Cd, pb, Cu, Zn at season (0.072, 2.34, 0.83 and 36.1 mg.kg-1), So at season 2016 (0.069, 1.67, 0.33 and 13.34 mg.kg-1)”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Sheep manure specially at 6 kg.tree-1 increased apple fruit Zn in 2015 to 36.1 mg.kg-1.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- fruitt0
- Treatment
- Sheep manure specially at 6 kg.tree-1e0
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 36.1e0
- Setting
- Duhok governoratee1
Not reportedComparatorQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sheep manure specially at 6 kg.tree-1 significantly increased the Cd, pb, Cu, Zn at season (0.072, 2.34, 0.83 and 36.1 mg.kg-1), So at season 2016 (0.069, 1.67, 0.33 and 13.34 mg.kg-1)”
e1“Duhok governorate”
t0“Heavy metal accumulations after two years of some organic fertilizers and girdling on apple fruit”
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