Abstract
This study was conducted in the glasshouse in Biology Depertment College of Sciences Mosul University to study the effect of the crops (wheat, Barley, corn) residues that added to the soil at ratio (10,15%) W:W in seed germination and growth of four weeds includes (Silybum marianum L., Lolium rigidum. L., Sonchus oleraceus L., Panicum Spp.). The results showed inhibition in seed germination and growth of the weeds growing in the soil containing the crops residues compared with the plant (weeds) growing in control soil (with out residues). Also the result showed variation in the crops allelopathic effect on germination and growth of the weeds treated with the crops residues. Moreover, the results show a difference in allelopathic effect of the crops residues, in addition the weed species differ in their response to the effect There is significant difference between the type of residues rather than weed species, it was found that the highest inhibition in seed germination was in (Panicum) seeds affected by corn residues added at ratio 15% which reached up to (44.4), while in the growth of the weeds, the highest reduction in shoot length recorded (78.4) noticed in Lolium at the ratio 15% of Wheat residues but in the root length highest reduction recorded (58.4%) noticed in Panicum at the ratio 15% of Barley residues ,in dry weight the highest inhibition noticed in Lolium affected by Wheat residues added at ratio 15% whicht reached up to (95.18). The initial detection of the active compounds in the crops residues indicate the exsistance of the compounds include (Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Tannins and Saponins) which had inhibition effect and can be converted to simpler or more complicated forms after being released to the soil.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Crop residues added to soil inhibited seed germination and growth of weeds compared with control soil.
- Taxon
- wheat, Barley, corn
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Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivum
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- crops residuese2
- Interactor
- weedse2weed
- Outcome
- seed germination and growthe2
- Direction
- inhibitione2
- Comparator
- control soile2
- Setting
- glasshousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
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Verbatim
e0“This study was conducted in the glasshouse in Biology Depertment College of Sciences Mosul University”
e1“the crops (wheat, Barley, corn) residues that added to the soil at ratio (10,15%) W:W in seed germination and growth of four weeds”
e2“The results showed inhibition in seed germination and growth of the weeds growing in the soil containing the crops residues compared with the plant (weeds) growing in control soil (with out residues)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat residues at 15% produced the highest reduction in shoot length of Lolium weed (78.4).
- Taxon
- wheat, Barley, cornHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Wheat residuese3
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe3
- Direction
- highest reductione3
- Value
- 78.4e3
- Qualifier
- at the ratio 15%e3
LoliumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the crops (wheat, Barley, corn) residues that added to the soil at ratio (10,15%) W:W in seed germination and growth of four weeds”
e3“the highest reduction in shoot length recorded (78.4) noticed in Lolium at the ratio 15% of Wheat residues”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley residues at 15% produced the highest reduction in root length of Panicum weed (58.4%).
- Taxon
- wheat, Barley, cornHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Barley residuese4
- Outcome
- root lengthe4
- Direction
- highest reductione4
- Value
- 58.4%e4
- Qualifier
- at the ratio 15%e4
PanicumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the crops (wheat, Barley, corn) residues that added to the soil at ratio (10,15%) W:W in seed germination and growth of four weeds”
e4“in the root length highest reduction recorded (58.4%) noticed in Panicum at the ratio 15% of Barley residues”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat residues at 15% produced the highest inhibition of dry weight in Lolium weed (95.18).
- Taxon
- wheat, Barley, cornHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Wheat residuese5
- Outcome
- dry weighte5
- Direction
- highest inhibitione5
- Value
- 95.18e5
- Qualifier
- at ratio 15%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the crops (wheat, Barley, corn) residues that added to the soil at ratio (10,15%) W:W in seed germination and growth of four weeds”
e5“in dry weight the highest inhibition noticed in Lolium affected by Wheat residues added at ratio 15% whicht reached up to (95.18)”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn residues at 15% produced the highest inhibition of seed germination in Panicum weed (44.4).
- Taxon
- wheat, Barley, cornHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- corn residuese6
- Outcome
- seed germinatione6
- Direction
- highest inhibitione6
- Value
- 44.4e6
- Qualifier
- at ratio 15%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the crops (wheat, Barley, corn) residues that added to the soil at ratio (10,15%) W:W in seed germination and growth of four weeds”
e6“the highest inhibition in seed germination was in (Panicum) seeds affected by corn residues added at ratio 15% which reached up to (44.4)”
Claim · model-written summary
Initial detection of active compounds was made in the crop residues.
- Taxon
- wheat, Barley, cornHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- initial detection of the active compoundse7
- Qualifier
- Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Tannins and Saponinse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the crops (wheat, Barley, corn) residues that added to the soil at ratio (10,15%) W:W in seed germination and growth of four weeds”
e7“The initial detection of the active compounds in the crops residues indicate the exsistance of the compounds include (Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Tannins and Saponins) which had inhibition effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins and saponins in the crop residues are asserted to explain the inhibition effect on weeds.
- Taxon
- wheat, Barley, cornHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Compound
- Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Tannins and Saponinse7
- Outcome
- inhibition effecte7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the crops (wheat, Barley, corn) residues that added to the soil at ratio (10,15%) W:W in seed germination and growth of four weeds”
e7“The initial detection of the active compounds in the crops residues indicate the exsistance of the compounds include (Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Tannins and Saponins) which had inhibition effect”
Claim · model-written summary
The allelopathic effect of crop residues differed significantly by residue type rather than by weed species.
- Taxon
- wheat, Barley, cornHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- type of residuese2
- Outcome
- allelopathic effecte2
- Comparator
- weed speciese2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the crops (wheat, Barley, corn) residues that added to the soil at ratio (10,15%) W:W in seed germination and growth of four weeds”
e2“the results show a difference in allelopathic effect of the crops residues, in addition the weed species differ in their response to the effect There is significant difference between the type of residues rather than weed species”
The same questions in other papers
Zea mays subsp. mays · Panicum · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.