Abstract
Intercropping is an eco-friendly agricultural practice for achieving higher quantity and quality of forage crops. The present study was aimed to evaluate the forage quality, quantity and ecological indices (monetary and competition) of maize in intercropping with different legumes at two different growing years (2017–2018) in the north west of Iran. The treatments were monoculture of two maize hybrids (KSC301 and KSC704), grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.), berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.) and additive intercropping of two maize hybrids with the above mentioned legumes. The highest and lowest total forage yield and crude protein yield (CPY) was achieved in intercropping of KSC301 with hairy vetch and maize monocultures. Also, the highest value of total digestible nutrients (TDN), dry matter digestibility (DMD), dry matter intake (DMI) and net energy for lactation (NEl) was observed in intercropping of KSC301 with grasspea. In addition, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents in maize monocultures increased by 19% and 29% compared with intercropping patterns. Averagely, the highest RVT was calculated in the intercropping of KSC301 with grasspea and KSC301 with hairy vetch. The maximum LER was achieved in intercropping of KSC301+ hairy vetch and KSC704+ hairy vetch. Generally, based on the forage quantity, quality and monetary indices, intercropping of KSC301 with grasspea and KSC301 with hairy vetch was superior to maize monocultures and can be suggested, as an eco-friendly and cleaner production method, to farmers instead of monoculture systems.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
KSC301 with hairy vetch had the highest total forage yield and crude protein yield.
- Material
- KSC301e0
- Treatment
- intercropping of KSC301 with hairy vetche0
- Outcome
- total forage yield and crude protein yield (CPY)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- maize monoculturese0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest and lowest total forage yield and crude protein yield (CPY) was achieved in intercropping of KSC301 with hairy vetch and maize monocultures.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
KSC301 with grasspea had the highest TDN, DMD and DMI.
- Material
- KSC301e0
- Treatment
- intercropping of KSC301 with grasspeae0
- Outcome
- total digestible nutrients (TDN), dry matter digestibility (DMD), dry matter intake (DMI)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest value of total digestible nutrients (TDN), dry matter digestibility (DMD), dry matter intake (DMI) and net energy for lactation (NEl) was observed in intercropping of KSC301 with grasspea.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
KSC301 with grasspea had the highest net energy for lactation.
- Material
- KSC301e0
- Treatment
- intercropping of KSC301 with grasspeae0
- Outcome
- net energy for lactation (NEl)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest value of total digestible nutrients (TDN), dry matter digestibility (DMD), dry matter intake (DMI) and net energy for lactation (NEl) was observed in intercropping of KSC301 with grasspea.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize monocultures had 19% higher acid detergent fiber than intercrops.
- Treatment
- maize monoculturese0
- Outcome
- acid detergent fiber (ADF)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Comparator
- intercropping patternse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents in maize monocultures increased by 19% and 29% compared with intercropping patterns.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize monocultures had 29% higher neutral detergent fiber than intercrops.
- Treatment
- maize monoculturese0
- Outcome
- neutral detergent fiber (NDF)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29%e0
- Comparator
- intercropping patternse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents in maize monocultures increased by 19% and 29% compared with intercropping patterns.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative value total was highest for KSC301 with grasspea.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest RVT was calculated in the intercropping of KSC301 with grasspea and KSC301 with hairy vetch.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative value total was highest for KSC301 with hairy vetch.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest RVT was calculated in the intercropping of KSC301 with grasspea and KSC301 with hairy vetch.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Land equivalent ratio was maximal for KSC301 with hairy vetch.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum LER was achieved in intercropping of KSC301+ hairy vetch and KSC704+ hairy vetch.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Land equivalent ratio was maximal for KSC704 with hairy vetch.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum LER was achieved in intercropping of KSC301+ hairy vetch and KSC704+ hairy vetch.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend KSC301 with grasspea instead of maize monoculture.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping of KSC301 with grasspea and KSC301 with hairy vetch was superior to maize monocultures and can be suggested, as an eco-friendly and cleaner production method, to farmers instead of monoculture systems.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend KSC301 with hairy vetch instead of maize monoculture.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping of KSC301 with grasspea and KSC301 with hairy vetch was superior to maize monocultures and can be suggested, as an eco-friendly and cleaner production method, to farmers instead of monoculture systems.”
t0“maize”
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