Abstract
The actual climate crisis scenario is aggravating the abiotic stress episodes that crop plants have to face. Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses directly impairing plant growth and productivity. Several strategies have been developed to minimize the negative effects of salinity in agricultural industry, mainly at the plant level, while management strategies, such us the control of microclimate conditions and light quality over plant canopy, have also been used. Indeed, shading plants with photoselective nets has been considered an efficient management strategy to modulate solar radiation to improve crop productivity. The aim of this work was to gain insights about the physiological factors underlying the salinity-alleviating effect of using red shading nets. For that, pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) were grown under control (0 mM NaCl) and moderate salinity (35 mM NaCl) conditions, with half of the plants covered with a red net (30% shading). The shoot growth impairment provoked by salinity was in part minimized by shading plants with red nets, which can be explained by their higher capacity to exclude Na+, control of K+ homeostasis and regulation of hormonal balance. Indeed, the concentrations of the most active cytokinin in pepper, trans-zeatin, as well as its metabolic precursor, zeatin riboside, increased in shaded plants, associated to shoot growth recovery and photosynthetic rate maintenance under salinity. Furthermore, the stress-related hormone abscisic acid (ABA) increased with salinity but in a lower extend in the plants shaded with red nets, suggesting a fine tune of stomata opening by ABA which, in crosstalk with salicylic acid increment, improved plant water relations. Likewise, the concentrations of gibberellins and the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, also changed during salinity stress in shaded plants but those changes were uncoupled of growth responses as indicated by the principal component analysis and thus they seem to play a minor role. Our data demonstrate that shading pepper plants with red nets is an efficient management strategy to modulate microclimate conditions at crop level thus controlling the ion homeostasis and hormonal balance of the plant to cope with salinity stress. This is especially important due to the actual and expected changes of the global climatic conditions.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Red nets partly minimized salinity-related shoot growth impairment.
- Taxon
- pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.)
Capsicum annuume1 - Treatment
- shading plants with red netse0
- Outcome
- shoot growth impairmente0
- Direction
- minimizede0
- Comparator
- salinitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The shoot growth impairment provoked by salinity was in part minimized by shading plants with red nets, which can be explained by their higher capacity to exclude Na+, control of K+ homeostasis and regulation of hormonal balance.”
e1“pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) were grown under control (0 mM NaCl) and moderate salinity (35 mM NaCl) conditions, with half of the plants covered with a red net (30% shading).”
Claim · model-written summary
Red net shading was associated with exclude Na+ under salinity.
- Taxon
- pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.)Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- shading plants with red netse0
- Outcome
- exclude Na+e0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The shoot growth impairment provoked by salinity was in part minimized by shading plants with red nets, which can be explained by their higher capacity to exclude Na+, control of K+ homeostasis and regulation of hormonal balance.”
e1“pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) were grown under control (0 mM NaCl) and moderate salinity (35 mM NaCl) conditions, with half of the plants covered with a red net (30% shading).”
Claim · model-written summary
Red net shading was associated with K+ homeostasis under salinity.
- Taxon
- pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.)Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- shading plants with red netse0
- Outcome
- K+ homeostasise0
- Direction
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The shoot growth impairment provoked by salinity was in part minimized by shading plants with red nets, which can be explained by their higher capacity to exclude Na+, control of K+ homeostasis and regulation of hormonal balance.”
e1“pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) were grown under control (0 mM NaCl) and moderate salinity (35 mM NaCl) conditions, with half of the plants covered with a red net (30% shading).”
Claim · model-written summary
trans-zeatin concentration increased in shaded pepper plants.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the concentrations of the most active cytokinin in pepper, trans-zeatin, as well as its metabolic precursor, zeatin riboside, increased in shaded plants, associated to shoot growth recovery and photosynthetic rate maintenance under salinity.”
Claim · model-written summary
zeatin riboside concentration increased in shaded pepper plants.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the concentrations of the most active cytokinin in pepper, trans-zeatin, as well as its metabolic precursor, zeatin riboside, increased in shaded plants, associated to shoot growth recovery and photosynthetic rate maintenance under salinity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher cytokinin levels were associated with shoot growth recovery under salinity.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“the concentrations of the most active cytokinin in pepper, trans-zeatin, as well as its metabolic precursor, zeatin riboside, increased in shaded plants, associated to shoot growth recovery and photosynthetic rate maintenance under salinity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher cytokinin levels were associated with maintained photosynthetic rate under salinity.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“the concentrations of the most active cytokinin in pepper, trans-zeatin, as well as its metabolic precursor, zeatin riboside, increased in shaded plants, associated to shoot growth recovery and photosynthetic rate maintenance under salinity.”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA increased with salinity in pepper.
- Taxon
- pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.)Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the stress-related hormone abscisic acid (ABA) increased with salinity but in a lower extend in the plants shaded with red nets, suggesting a fine tune of stomata opening by ABA which, in crosstalk with salicylic acid increment, improved plant water relations.”
e1“pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) were grown under control (0 mM NaCl)”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA rose less under salinity when plants were shaded with red nets.
- Taxon
- pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.)Capsicum annuume1
- Treatment
- shaded with red netse0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the stress-related hormone abscisic acid (ABA) increased with salinity but in a lower extend in the plants shaded with red nets, suggesting a fine tune of stomata opening by ABA which, in crosstalk with salicylic acid increment, improved plant water relations.”
e1“pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) were grown under control (0 mM NaCl)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased in shaded pepper plants under salinity.
- Taxon
- pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.)Capsicum annuume1
- Outcome
- salicylic acid incremente0
- Direction
- incremente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the stress-related hormone abscisic acid (ABA) increased with salinity but in a lower extend in the plants shaded with red nets, suggesting a fine tune of stomata opening by ABA which, in crosstalk with salicylic acid increment, improved plant water relations.”
e1“pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) were grown under control (0 mM NaCl)”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA and salicylic acid crosstalk was proposed to improve water relations.
- Taxon
- pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.)Capsicum annuume1
- Compound
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- plant water relationse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- in crosstalk with salicylic acid incremente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the stress-related hormone abscisic acid (ABA) increased with salinity but in a lower extend in the plants shaded with red nets, suggesting a fine tune of stomata opening by ABA which, in crosstalk with salicylic acid increment, improved plant water relations.”
e1“pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) were grown under control (0 mM NaCl)”
Claim · model-written summary
gibberellins concentrations changed during salinity stress in shaded plants.
- Taxon
- pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.)Capsicum annuume1
- Outcome
- gibberellinse0
- Qualifier
- during salinity stress in shaded plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentrations of gibberellins and the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, also changed during salinity stress in shaded plants but those changes were uncoupled of growth responses as indicated by the principal component analysis and thus they seem to play a minor role.”
e1“pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) were grown under control (0 mM NaCl)”
Claim · model-written summary
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid concentrations changed during salinity stress in shaded plants.
- Taxon
- pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.)Capsicum annuume1
- Outcome
- 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acide0
- Qualifier
- during salinity stress in shaded plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentrations of gibberellins and the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, also changed during salinity stress in shaded plants but those changes were uncoupled of growth responses as indicated by the principal component analysis and thus they seem to play a minor role.”
e1“pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) were grown under control (0 mM NaCl)”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in gibberellins and ACC were uncoupled from growth responses.
- Taxon
- pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.)Capsicum annuume1
- Compound
- gibberellinse0
- Outcome
- growth responsese0
- Qualifier
- uncoupled of growth responsese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentrations of gibberellins and the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, also changed during salinity stress in shaded plants but those changes were uncoupled of growth responses as indicated by the principal component analysis and thus they seem to play a minor role.”
e1“pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) were grown under control (0 mM NaCl)”
The same questions in other papers
trap barrier · growth · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Positive and negative results
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- negative
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shade · growth · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
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11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →salinity · physiology: hormones · Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.