Abstract
The dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has significant economic importance in Brazil and is one of the most important sources of income, especially for small producers. This study aimed to evaluate the response of dry bean to different nitrogen (N) sources, using a completely randomized design, with five replicates. Treatments comprised five N sources [ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4], calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2], potassium nitrate (KNO3), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), and urea] applied at 300 mg kg−1 N plus three additional treatments (inoculation with Rhizobium tropici, inoculation with R. tropici plus Azospirillum brasiliensis, and the control without N and inoculation). The yield components [grain yield (GY), shoot dry weight yield (SDWY), number of pods per pot (NPP), number of grains per pot (NGPt), pod weight (PW), and number of grains per pod (NGP)], and physiological components [water use efficiency (WUE), photosynthetic rate (A), and stomatal conductance (gs)] were evaluated. Inoculation with R. tropici and R. tropici plus A. brasiliensis did not induce significant effects on yield components when compared to those of the control. (NH4)2SO4 did not change the performance of most quantified yield components, whereas NH4NO3 showed increases in GY, SDWY, NPP, NGP, and PW as well as in WUE. KNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 resulted in increased performance of GY, SDWY, NPP, A, and gs compared to that in the control treatment and the isolated inoculant and its combination with A. brasiliensis. The amide source via urea showed the greatest increase in GY, with 56.5% more than that in the control.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium tropici inoculation did not significantly alter bean yield components versus control.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with R. tropicie0
- Interactor
- R. tropici
Martinezella tropicie0symbiont - Outcome
- yield componentse0
- Direction
- did not induce significant effectse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with R. tropici and R. tropici plus A. brasiliensis did not induce significant effects on yield components when compared to those of the control.”
t0“Dry Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Rhizobium and Azospirillum inoculation did not significantly alter yield components versus control.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Treatment
- R. tropici plus A. brasiliensise0
- Interactor
- R. tropiciMartinezella tropicie0symbiont
- Second interactor
- A. brasiliensise0symbiont
- Outcome
- yield componentse0
- Direction
- did not induce significant effectse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with R. tropici and R. tropici plus A. brasiliensis did not induce significant effects on yield components when compared to those of the control.”
t0“Dry Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate did not change most measured yield components.
- Taxon
- dry beant0
- Treatment
- (NH4)2SO4e0
- Outcome
- most quantified yield componentse0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“(NH4)2SO4 did not change the performance of most quantified yield components”
t0“Dry Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate increased grain yield, shoot dry weight, pod number, grain number, and pod weight.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“NH4NO3 showed increases in GY, SDWY, NPP, NGP, and PW as well as in WUE.”
t0“Dry Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate increased water use efficiency.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“NH4NO3 showed increases in GY, SDWY, NPP, NGP, and PW as well as in WUE.”
t0“Dry Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium nitrate increased grain yield, shoot weight, pod number, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance versus controls and inoculants.
Verbatim
e0“KNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 resulted in increased performance of GY, SDWY, NPP, A, and gs compared to that in the control treatment and the isolated inoculant and its combination with A. brasiliensis.”
t0“Dry Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium nitrate increased photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance versus controls and inoculants.
Verbatim
e0“KNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 resulted in increased performance of GY, SDWY, NPP, A, and gs compared to that in the control treatment and the isolated inoculant and its combination with A. brasiliensis.”
t0“Dry Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate increased grain yield, shoot weight, and pod number versus controls and inoculants.
Verbatim
e0“KNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 resulted in increased performance of GY, SDWY, NPP, A, and gs compared to that in the control treatment and the isolated inoculant and its combination with A. brasiliensis.”
t0“Dry Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate increased photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance versus controls and inoculants.
Verbatim
e0“KNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 resulted in increased performance of GY, SDWY, NPP, A, and gs compared to that in the control treatment and the isolated inoculant and its combination with A. brasiliensis.”
t0“Dry Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea produced the greatest grain yield increase, 56.5% above control.
Verbatim
e0“The amide source via urea showed the greatest increase in GY, with 56.5% more than that in the control.”
t0“Dry Bean”
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