Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can benefit many plants, but their effects on walnuts are not yet known. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of five AMF species, namely, Acaulospora scrobiculata, Diversispora spurca, Glomus etunicatum, G. mosseae and G. versiforme on biomass production, chlorophyll contents, sugar fraction contents, and mineral element contents of walnut (Juglans regia L.) seedlings. The five AMF species colonized roots of walnut, established mycorrhizas in roots and hyphae in soil, and released easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein into soil, whilst D. spurca exhibited the best effect. All the AMF inoculations, except A. scrobiculata, stimulated shoot and root biomass production. Mycorrhizal fungal inoculations collectively increased leaf chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll a+b concentrations, and thus promoted leaf sucrose accumulation, which provides an important mycorrhiza-carbon source to roots. AMF inoculations conferred a positive effect on leaf N, P, K, Mg, Fe, B, Zn and Cu contents, while they reduced leaf Mn contents. These results concluded that AMF were beneficial to the growth and physiological activities of walnut, which gives the support for the AMF application in walnut.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The five AMF species colonized walnut roots and established mycorrhizas and soil hyphae.
- Taxon
- walnute0
- Interactor
- AMF speciese0symbiont
- Outcome
- colonized roots of walnut, established mycorrhizas in roots and hyphae in soile0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The five AMF species colonized roots of walnut, established mycorrhizas in roots and hyphae in soil, and released easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein into soil, whilst D. spurca exhibited the best effect.”
Claim · model-written summary
The AMF species released glomalin-related soil protein.
- Taxon
- walnute0
- Interactor
- AMF speciese0symbiont
- Outcome
- released easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein into soile0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The five AMF species colonized roots of walnut, established mycorrhizas in roots and hyphae in soil, and released easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein into soil, whilst D. spurca exhibited the best effect.”
Claim · model-written summary
D. spurca had the best overall effect among the tested fungi.
- Taxon
- walnute0
- Interactor
- D. spurcaDiversispora spurcae0symbiont
- Outcome
- best effecte0
- Direction
- beste0
Verbatim
e0“The five AMF species colonized roots of walnut, established mycorrhizas in roots and hyphae in soil, and released easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein into soil, whilst D. spurca exhibited the best effect.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculations except A. scrobiculata stimulated shoot and root biomass.
- Taxon
- walnutt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculationse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot and root biomass productione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- except A. scrobiculatae0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“All the AMF inoculations, except A. scrobiculata, stimulated shoot and root biomass production.”
t0“walnut”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculations increased leaf chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll concentrations.
- Taxon
- walnutt0
- Treatment
- Mycorrhizal fungal inoculationse0
- Interactor
- Mycorrhizal fungale0symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll a+b concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Mycorrhizal fungal inoculations collectively increased leaf chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll a+b concentrations, and thus promoted leaf sucrose accumulation, which provides an important mycorrhiza-carbon source to roots.”
t0“walnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation promoted leaf sucrose accumulation.
- Taxon
- walnutt0
- Treatment
- Mycorrhizal fungal inoculationse0
- Interactor
- Mycorrhizal fungale0symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf sucrose accumulatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Mycorrhizal fungal inoculations collectively increased leaf chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll a+b concentrations, and thus promoted leaf sucrose accumulation, which provides an important mycorrhiza-carbon source to roots.”
t0“walnut”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased leaf N, P and K contents.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculations conferred a positive effect on leaf N, P, K, Mg, Fe, B, Zn and Cu contents, while they reduced leaf Mn contents.”
t0“walnut”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased leaf Mg, Fe and B contents.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculations conferred a positive effect on leaf N, P, K, Mg, Fe, B, Zn and Cu contents, while they reduced leaf Mn contents.”
t0“walnut”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased leaf Zn and Cu contents.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculations conferred a positive effect on leaf N, P, K, Mg, Fe, B, Zn and Cu contents, while they reduced leaf Mn contents.”
t0“walnut”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF reduced leaf Mn content.
- Taxon
- walnutt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculationse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf Mn contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculations conferred a positive effect on leaf N, P, K, Mg, Fe, B, Zn and Cu contents, while they reduced leaf Mn contents.”
t0“walnut”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · physiology: pigments · Juglans (walnuts)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
mycorrhiza · molecular: metabolites · Juglans (walnuts)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
inoculation · yield · Juglans (walnuts)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
inoculation · molecular: metabolites · Juglans (walnuts)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
mycorrhiza · nutrient: content · Juglans (walnuts)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
mycorrhiza · yield · Juglans (walnuts)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · physiology: pigments · Juglans (walnuts)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.