Abstract
Walnut anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a deleterious disease that severely affects the production of walnut (Juglans regia L.). The aim of this study was to assess the antifungal and growth promotion activities of Bacillus velezensis CE 100 as an alternative to chemical use in walnut production. The crude enzyme from B. velezensis CE 100 exhibited chitinase, protease, and β-l,3-glucanase activity and degraded the cell wall of C. gloeosporioides, causing the inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth by 99.3% and 33.6% at 100 µL/mL, respectively. The field application of B. velezensis CE 100 culture broth resulted in a 1.3-fold and 6.9-fold decrease in anthracnose disease severity compared to the conventional and control groups, respectively. Moreover, B. velezensis CE 100 produced indole-3-acetic acid (up to 1.4 µg/mL) and exhibited the potential for ammonium production and phosphate solubilization to enhance the availability of essential nutrients. Thus, field inoculation of B. velezensis CE 100 improved walnut root development, increased nutrient uptake, enhanced chlorophyll content, and consequently improved total biomass by 1.5-fold and 2.0-fold compared to the conventional and control groups, respectively. These results demonstrate that B. velezensis CE 100 is an effective biocontrol agent against anthracnose disease and a potential plant growth-promoting bacteria in walnut tree production.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The Bacillus crude enzyme degraded C. gloeosporioides cell walls and inhibited spore germination by 99.3% at 100 µL/mL.
- Taxon
- Walnutt0
- Treatment
- crude enzyme from B. velezensis CE 100e0
- Interactor
- C. gloeosporioides
Colletotrichum gloeosporioidese0pathogen - Second interactor
- B. velezensis CE 100
Bacillus velezensise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- spore germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 99.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The crude enzyme from B. velezensis CE 100 exhibited chitinase, protease, and β-l,3-glucanase activity and degraded the cell wall of C. gloeosporioides, causing the inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth by 99.3% and 33.6% at 100 µL/mL, respectively.”
t0“Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The Bacillus crude enzyme inhibited C. gloeosporioides mycelial growth by 33.6% at 100 µL/mL.
- Taxon
- Walnutt0
- Treatment
- crude enzyme from B. velezensis CE 100e1
- Interactor
- C. gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese1pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. velezensis CE 100Bacillus velezensise1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 33.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth by 99.3% and 33.6% at 100 µL/mL”
e1“The crude enzyme from B. velezensis CE 100 exhibited chitinase, protease, and β-l,3-glucanase activity and degraded the cell wall of C. gloeosporioides”
t0“Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Field application of Bacillus culture broth decreased walnut anthracnose severity 1.3-fold compared with conventional treatment.
- Taxon
- Walnutt0
- Treatment
- B. velezensis CE 100 culture brothe0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese1pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. velezensis CE 100Bacillus velezensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- anthracnose disease severitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 1.3-folde0
- Comparator
- conventionale0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The field application of B. velezensis CE 100 culture broth resulted in a 1.3-fold and 6.9-fold decrease in anthracnose disease severity compared to the conventional and control groups, respectively.”
e1“Walnut anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides”
t0“Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Field application of Bacillus culture broth decreased walnut anthracnose severity 6.9-fold compared with control.
- Taxon
- Walnutt0
- Treatment
- B. velezensis CE 100 culture brothe0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesColletotrichum gloeosporioidese1pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. velezensis CE 100Bacillus velezensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- anthracnose disease severitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 6.9-folde0
- Comparator
- control groupse0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The field application of B. velezensis CE 100 culture broth resulted in a 1.3-fold and 6.9-fold decrease in anthracnose disease severity compared to the conventional and control groups, respectively.”
e1“Walnut anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides”
t0“Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus produced indole-3-acetic acid up to 1.4 µg/mL.
- Taxon
- Walnutt0
- Interactor
- B. velezensis CE 100Bacillus velezensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- B. velezensis CE 100 produced indole-3-acetic acide0
- Value
- 1.4 µg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. velezensis CE 100 produced indole-3-acetic acid (up to 1.4 µg/mL)”
t0“Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus showed potential for ammonium production and phosphate solubilization.
- Taxon
- Walnutt0
- Interactor
- B. velezensis CE 100Bacillus velezensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- potential for ammonium production and phosphate solubilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. velezensis CE 100 produced indole-3-acetic acid (up to 1.4 µg/mL) and exhibited the potential for ammonium production and phosphate solubilization”
t0“Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Field inoculation with Bacillus improved walnut root development, nutrient uptake, and chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- walnute0
- Treatment
- field inoculation of B. velezensis CE 100e0
- Interactor
- B. velezensis CE 100Bacillus velezensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- walnut root development, increased nutrient uptake, enhanced chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field inoculation of B. velezensis CE 100 improved walnut root development, increased nutrient uptake, enhanced chlorophyll content”
t0“Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus inoculation improved walnut total biomass 1.5-fold relative to conventional treatment.
- Taxon
- walnute0
- Treatment
- field inoculation of B. velezensis CE 100e0
- Interactor
- B. velezensis CE 100Bacillus velezensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- total biomasse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 1.5-folde0
- Comparator
- conventionale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field inoculation of B. velezensis CE 100 improved walnut root development, increased nutrient uptake, enhanced chlorophyll content, and consequently improved total biomass by 1.5-fold and 2.0-fold compared to the conventional and control groups, respectively.”
t0“Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus inoculation improved walnut total biomass 2.0-fold relative to control.
- Taxon
- walnute0
- Treatment
- field inoculation of B. velezensis CE 100e0
- Interactor
- B. velezensis CE 100Bacillus velezensise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- total biomasse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 2.0-folde0
- Comparator
- control groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field inoculation of B. velezensis CE 100 improved walnut root development, increased nutrient uptake, enhanced chlorophyll content, and consequently improved total biomass by 1.5-fold and 2.0-fold compared to the conventional and control groups, respectively.”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · physiology: pigments · Juglans (walnuts)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · growth · Juglans (walnuts)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.