Abstract
Bacterial blight (BB) is a globally devastating rice disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The use of disease resistance (R) genes in rice breeding is an effective and economical strategy for the control of this disease. Nevertheless, a majority of R genes lack durable resistance for long-term use under global warming conditions. Here, we report the isolation of a novel executor R gene, Xa7, that confers extremely durable, broad-spectrum, and heat-tolerant resistance to Xoo. The expression of Xa7 was induced by incompatible Xoo strains that secreted the transcription activator-like effector (TALE) AvrXa7 or PthXo3, which recognized effector binding elements (EBEs) in the Xa7 promoter. Furthermore, Xa7 induction was faster and stronger under high temperatures. Overexpression of Xa7 or co-transformation of Xa7 with avrXa7 triggered a hypersensitive response in plants. Constitutive expression of Xa7 activated a defense response in the absence of Xoo but inhibited the growth of transgenic rice plants. In addition, analysis of over 3000 rice varieties showed that the Xa7 locus was found primarily in the indica and aus subgroups. A variation consisting of an 11-bp insertion and a base substitution (G to T) was found in EBEAvrXa7 in the tested varieties, resulting in a loss of Xa7 BB resistance. Through a decade of effort, we have identified an important BB resistance gene and characterized its distinctive interaction with Xoo strains; these findings will greatly facilitate research on the molecular mechanism of Xa7-mediated resistance and promote the use of this valuable gene in breeding.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Xa7 confers durable broad-spectrum heat-tolerant Xoo resistance.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Interactor
- Xooe0pathogen
- Gene
- Xa7e0
- Outcome
- resistance to Xooe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Xa7, that confers extremely durable, broad-spectrum, and heat-tolerant resistance to Xoo.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Incompatible Xoo strains carrying AvrXa7 or PthXo3 induced Xa7 expression.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of Xa7 was induced by incompatible Xoo strains that secreted the transcription activator-like effector (TALE) AvrXa7 or PthXo3”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Xa7 induction was faster and stronger under high temperatures.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high temperaturese0
- Gene
- Xa7e0
- Outcome
- Xa7 inductione0
- Direction
- faster and strongere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Xa7 induction was faster and stronger under high temperatures.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Xa7 overexpression triggered a hypersensitive response.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of Xa7e0
- Gene
- Xa7e0
- Outcome
- hypersensitive responsee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of Xa7 or co-transformation of Xa7 with avrXa7 triggered a hypersensitive response in plants.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotransformation of Xa7 with avrXa7 triggered a hypersensitive response.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- co-transformation of Xa7 with avrXa7e0
- Gene
- Xa7e0
- Outcome
- hypersensitive responsee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of Xa7 or co-transformation of Xa7 with avrXa7 triggered a hypersensitive response in plants.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive Xa7 expression activated defense without Xoo.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Constitutive expression of Xa7e0
- Gene
- Xa7e0
- Outcome
- defense responsee0
- Direction
- activatede0
- Qualifier
- in the absence of Xooe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Constitutive expression of Xa7 activated a defense response in the absence of Xoo but inhibited the growth of transgenic rice plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive Xa7 expression inhibited rice growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Constitutive expression of Xa7e0
- Gene
- Xa7e0
- Outcome
- growth of transgenic rice plantse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Constitutive expression of Xa7 activated a defense response in the absence of Xoo but inhibited the growth of transgenic rice plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Xa7 occurs primarily in indica and aus varieties.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- indica and aus subgroupse0
- Gene
- Xa7e0
- Outcome
- Xa7 locus was found primarilye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analysis of over 3000 rice varieties showed that the Xa7 locus was found primarily in the indica and aus subgroups.”
Claim · model-written summary
An EBE variation resulted in loss of Xa7 blight resistance.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A variation consisting of an 11-bp insertion and a base substitution (G to T) was found in EBEAvrXa7 in the tested varieties, resulting in a loss of Xa7 BB resistance.”
t0“rice”
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See all 31 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.