Abstract
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] seed germination is sensitive to salinity, and seed priming is an effective method for alleviating the negative effects of salt stress on seed germination. However, few studies have compared the effects of different priming agents on sorghum germination under salt stress. In this study, we quantified the effects of priming with distilled water (HP), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on sorghum seed germination under 150 mM NaCl stress. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly reduced by salt stress. Different priming treatments alleviated the germination inhibition caused by salt stress to varying degrees, and 50 mM CaCl2 was the most effective treatment. In addition, the mitigation effect of priming was stronger on root traits than on shoot traits. Mitigation efficacy was closely related to both the type of agent and the concentration of the solution. Principal component analysis showed that all concentrations of CaCl2 had higher scores and were clearly distinguished from other treatments based on their positive effects on all germination traits. The effects of the other agents varied with concentration. The priming treatments were divided into three categories based on their priming efficacy, and the 50, 100, and 150 mM CaCl2 treatments were placed in the first category. The 150 mM KCl, 10% PEG, HP, 150 mM NaCl, 30% PEG, and 50 mM KCl treatments were placed in the second category, and the 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM KCl, 20% PEG, and 50 mM NaCl treatments were least effective and were placed in the third category. Choosing appropriate priming agents and methods for future research and applications can ensure that crop seeds germinate healthily under saline conditions.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced sorghum germination potential, rate and index.
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- germination potential, germination rate, germination indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly reduced by salt stress.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced sorghum vigor index.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly reduced by salt stress.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced sorghum root and shoot lengths.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly reduced by salt stress.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced sorghum root and shoot fresh and dry weights.
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly reduced by salt stress.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming treatments alleviated sorghum germination inhibition to varying degrees.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Different priming treatments alleviated the germination inhibition caused by salt stress to varying degrees”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
50 mM CaCl2 was the most effective priming treatment.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“50 mM CaCl2 was the most effective treatment.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming mitigated root traits more strongly than shoot traits.
- Organ / stage
- root traitse0
- Treatment
- priminge0
- Outcome
- mitigation effecte0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- shoot traitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mitigation effect of priming was stronger on root traits than on shoot traits.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming efficacy was closely related to agent type and concentration.
- Treatment
- type of agent and the concentration of the solutione0
- Outcome
- Mitigation efficacye0
- Direction
- closely relatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mitigation efficacy was closely related to both the type of agent and the concentration of the solution.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
All CaCl2 concentrations had higher PCA scores and separated from other treatments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all concentrations of CaCl2 had higher scores and were clearly distinguished from other treatments based on their positive effects on all germination traits.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Effects of other priming agents varied with concentration.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of the other agents varied with concentration.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
50, 100 and 150 mM CaCl2 priming treatments formed the highest efficacy category.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 50, 100, and 150 mM CaCl2 treatments were placed in the first category.”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
150 mM KCl, 10% PEG, HP, 150 mM NaCl, 30% PEG and 50 mM KCl formed the second priming category.
- Treatment
- 150 mM KCl, 10% PEG, HP, 150 mM NaCl, 30% PEG, and 50 mM KCl treatmentse0
- Outcome
- second categorye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 150 mM KCl, 10% PEG, HP, 150 mM NaCl, 30% PEG, and 50 mM KCl treatments were placed in the second category”
t0“sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
100 mM NaCl, 100 mM KCl, 20% PEG and 50 mM NaCl were least effective.
- Treatment
- 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM KCl, 20% PEG, and 50 mM NaCl treatmentse0
- Outcome
- third categorye0
- Direction
- least effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM KCl, 20% PEG, and 50 mM NaCl treatments were least effective and were placed in the third category.”
t0“sorghum”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · SorghumResults differ
77 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
85 papers more in this group
See all 89 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.