Abstract
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is a potential feedstock crop in biomass energy development, and is much more resistant to saline soils than crops. Healthy seed germination is critical for the growth cycle of plants, and determines the establishment of seedlings and subsequent crop production. High salinity conditions can result in difficulty for seed germination and delays the germination period. So, screening salt-tolerant genotypes and method for healthy seed germination under salinity stress are vital to crop production and food security. Therefore, a controlled study was conducted to explore the interactive amendment effects of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) and salinity on seed germination process of sweet sorghum. Seeds were presoaked in different levels of GA3 water solutions (0, 144, 288, and 576 M) and then cultivated in gradient NaCl solutions (0, 50 and 100 mM). The effects of salinity and external GA3 on seed water uptake and germination characteristics were investigated. Compared with the effects of 0 M GA3 at 0 mM NaCl, slight salt stress of 50 mM NaCl improved the cumulative water uptake, germination and germination index, but high salinity level of 100 mM NaCl significantly inhibited these germination traits. However, either 100 mM NaCl or 576 M GA3 had significantly negative effects on seed cumulative water uptake, cumulative germination, germination index, and length of germ and radicle. The appropriate concentration of GA3 prominently relieved salt stress and improved the seed germination of sorghum seeds, and the optimum concentration for seed germination of sweet sorghum was 288 M GA3 at each salinity level.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with 0 M GA3 at 0 mM NaCl, slight salt stress of 50 mM NaCl improved cumulative water uptake, germination and germination index of sweet sorghum seeds.
Verbatim
t0“sweet sorghum”
e0“Compared with the effects of 0 M GA3 at 0 mM NaCl, slight salt stress of 50 mM NaCl improved the cumulative water uptake, germination and germination index”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with 0 M GA3 at 0 mM NaCl, high salinity of 100 mM NaCl significantly inhibited the germination traits of sweet sorghum seeds.
Verbatim
t0“sweet sorghum”
e0“Compared with the effects of 0 M GA3 at 0 mM NaCl, slight salt stress of 50 mM NaCl improved the cumulative water uptake, germination and germination index, but high salinity level of 100 mM NaCl significantly inhibited these germination traits”
Claim · model-written summary
100 mM NaCl had significantly negative effects on seed cumulative water uptake, cumulative germination and germination index of sweet sorghum.
- Taxon
- sweet sorghumt0
- Treatment
- 100 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- cumulative water uptake, cumulative germination, germination indexe0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“sweet sorghum”
e0“either 100 mM NaCl or 576 M GA3 had significantly negative effects on seed cumulative water uptake, cumulative germination, germination index, and length of germ and radicle”
Claim · model-written summary
100 mM NaCl had significantly negative effects on length of germ and radicle of sweet sorghum seeds.
- Taxon
- sweet sorghumt0
- Treatment
- 100 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- length of germ and radiclee0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“sweet sorghum”
e0“either 100 mM NaCl or 576 M GA3 had significantly negative effects on seed cumulative water uptake, cumulative germination, germination index, and length of germ and radicle”
Claim · model-written summary
576 M GA3 had significantly negative effects on seed cumulative water uptake, cumulative germination and germination index of sweet sorghum.
- Taxon
- sweet sorghumt0
- Treatment
- 576 M GA3e0
- Outcome
- cumulative water uptake, cumulative germination, germination indexe0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“sweet sorghum”
e0“either 100 mM NaCl or 576 M GA3 had significantly negative effects on seed cumulative water uptake, cumulative germination, germination index, and length of germ and radicle”
Claim · model-written summary
576 M GA3 had significantly negative effects on length of germ and radicle of sweet sorghum seeds.
- Taxon
- sweet sorghumt0
- Treatment
- 576 M GA3e0
- Outcome
- length of germ and radiclee0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“sweet sorghum”
e0“either 100 mM NaCl or 576 M GA3 had significantly negative effects on seed cumulative water uptake, cumulative germination, germination index, and length of germ and radicle”
Claim · model-written summary
An appropriate concentration of GA3 prominently relieved salt stress and improved seed germination of sorghum.
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The appropriate concentration of GA3 prominently relieved salt stress and improved the seed germination of sorghum seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum GA3 concentration for seed germination of sweet sorghum was 288 M at each salinity level.
Verbatim
e0“the optimum concentration for seed germination of sweet sorghum was 288 M GA3 at each salinity level”
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