Abstract
This study evaluates whether the initial application of pendimethalin can increase the efficiency of ioxynil and ACCase inhibitor treatments in controlling weeds in direct seeding onion. The experiment was carried out in a commercial field in Ituporanga city, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The onion cultivar Bola Precoce was used. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme (2 x 3) + 1, with four replications. Treatments consisted of pendimethalin application in the initial stage (0 or 600 g ha-1), three treatments based on ioxynil and ACCase inhibitors, sprayed at postemergence (ioxynil + clethodim (formulated as Select®); ioxynil + fluazifop; and ioxynil + clethodim (formulated as Poquer®)), and a weeded control. Pendimethalin was sprayed immediately after onion crop establishment, and postemergence treatments were sprayed when the onion had 3 and 4 leaves (two sequential applications). The following were evaluated: control of Lolium multiflorum, Coronopus didymus, and Galinsoga parviflora, plant stand, bulb diameter, bulb weight, and total bulb yield. All treatments reached 100% control of L. multiflorum. All treatments were ineffective in controlling C. didymus and G. parviflora; however, the control of these weeds increased after pendimethalin application. The chemical treatments tested did not negatively influence any of the studied onion crop variables. There was a significant difference only for pendimethalin application in the initial stage, which significantly favored the variables under study. Pendimethalin application in the initial onion stage improved weed control and helped in maintaining bulb yield in direct seeding onion.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
All herbicide treatments reached 100% control of Lolium multiflorum in onion.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepae0 - Interactor
- L. multiflorum
Lolium multiflorume1weed - Outcome
- control of L. multiflorume1
- Value
- 100%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The onion cultivar Bola Precoce was used”
e1“All treatments reached 100% control of L. multiflorum”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments were ineffective in controlling Coronopus didymus in onion.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Interactor
- C. didymuse2weed
- Outcome
- ineffective in controllinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The onion cultivar Bola Precoce was used”
e2“All treatments were ineffective in controlling C. didymus and G. parviflora”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments were ineffective in controlling Galinsoga parviflora in onion.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Interactor
- G. parviflora
.jpg?width=60)
Galinsoga parviflorae2weed - Outcome
- ineffective in controllinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The onion cultivar Bola Precoce was used”
e2“All treatments were ineffective in controlling C. didymus and G. parviflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Control of Coronopus didymus increased after pendimethalin application in onion.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin applicatione3
- Interactor
- C. didymuse2weed
- Outcome
- control of these weedse3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The onion cultivar Bola Precoce was used”
e2“All treatments were ineffective in controlling C. didymus and G. parviflora”
e3“however, the control of these weeds increased after pendimethalin application”
Claim · model-written summary
Control of Galinsoga parviflora increased after pendimethalin application in onion.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin applicatione3
- Interactor
- G. parvifloraGalinsoga parviflorae2weed
- Outcome
- control of these weedse3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The onion cultivar Bola Precoce was used”
e2“All treatments were ineffective in controlling C. didymus and G. parviflora”
e3“however, the control of these weeds increased after pendimethalin application”
Claim · model-written summary
The chemical treatments tested did not negatively influence the studied onion crop variables.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae4
- Treatment
- chemical treatments testede4
- Outcome
- onion crop variablese4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The chemical treatments tested did not negatively influence any of the studied onion crop variables”
Claim · model-written summary
Only pendimethalin application in the initial stage gave a significant difference, which significantly favored the variables under study.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin application in the initial stagee5
- Outcome
- the variables under studye5
- Direction
- significantly favorede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The onion cultivar Bola Precoce was used”
e5“There was a significant difference only for pendimethalin application in the initial stage, which significantly favored the variables under study”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin application in the initial onion stage improved weed control.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae6
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin application in the initial onion stagee6
- Outcome
- weed controle6
- Direction
- improvede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Pendimethalin application in the initial onion stage improved weed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin application in the initial onion stage helped maintain bulb yield.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae7
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin application in the initial onion stagee6
- Outcome
- bulb yielde7
- Direction
- helped in maintaininge7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Pendimethalin application in the initial onion stage improved weed control”
e7“helped in maintaining bulb yield in direct seeding onion”
The same questions in other papers
pendimethalin · yield · Allium cepa (onion)Results differ
33 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
34 papers more in this group
See all 38 papers →pendimethalin · weed · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
27 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
24 papers more in this group
See all 28 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.