Abstract
Salinity is a major abiotic stress for crop production in many parts of the world. To evaluate the effects of irrigation with saline water on growth parameters and forage quality of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus), a field experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications at Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Iran during 2013-2015. The treatments were four irrigation levels with saline water (4, 8, 12 and 16 dS.m-1). Plant fresh weight (FW), plant dry weight (DW), crude protein (CP), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), dry matter digestibility (DMD), total tannins (TT) and ash content were measured in the second year of growth season. The results showed that the maximum fresh weight (51551 kg ha-1) and dry weight (9000 kg ha-1) were obtained at EC=4 dS.m−1. Increasing salinity levels caused a significant reduction in NDF and ADF contents, while ash, CP, DMD and TT contents were increased. The treatments of EC=12 and EC=16 dS.m−1 produced the highest amount of CP (178.3, 185.1 g/kg DM), DMD (613.2, 636.2g/kg DM) and the lowest content of NDF (598, 585.1g/kg DM) and ADF (393, 3778g/kg DM), respectively. The lowest tannin content (28.2g/kg DM) was observed in EC=4 dS.m−1 and there was no significant difference between the treatments of EC=8 and EC=12 dS.m−1. Generally, results showed that although increasing salinity decreased plant yield, it could increase forage quality characteristics.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh weight was maximal at EC=4 dS.m−1, reaching 51551 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- globe artichoke
Cynara cardunculus var. scolymust0 - Treatment
- EC=4 dS.m−1e0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 51551 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the maximum fresh weight (51551 kg ha-1) and dry weight (9000 kg ha-1) were obtained at EC=4 dS.m−1.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry weight was maximal at EC=4 dS.m−1, reaching 9000 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- EC=4 dS.m−1e0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 9000 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the maximum fresh weight (51551 kg ha-1) and dry weight (9000 kg ha-1) were obtained at EC=4 dS.m−1.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation salinity reduced NDF content.
- Taxon
- globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- Increasing salinity levelse0
- Outcome
- NDFe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing salinity levels caused a significant reduction in NDF and ADF contents, while ash, CP, DMD and TT contents were increased.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation salinity reduced ADF content.
- Taxon
- globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- Increasing salinity levelse0
- Outcome
- ADFe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing salinity levels caused a significant reduction in NDF and ADF contents, while ash, CP, DMD and TT contents were increased.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation salinity increased ash content.
- Taxon
- globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- Increasing salinity levelse0
- Outcome
- ashe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing salinity levels caused a significant reduction in NDF and ADF contents, while ash, CP, DMD and TT contents were increased.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation salinity increased CP content.
- Taxon
- globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- Increasing salinity levelse0
- Outcome
- CPe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing salinity levels caused a significant reduction in NDF and ADF contents, while ash, CP, DMD and TT contents were increased.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation salinity increased DMD content.
- Taxon
- globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- Increasing salinity levelse0
- Outcome
- DMDe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing salinity levels caused a significant reduction in NDF and ADF contents, while ash, CP, DMD and TT contents were increased.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation salinity increased TT content.
- Taxon
- globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- Increasing salinity levelse0
- Outcome
- TTe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing salinity levels caused a significant reduction in NDF and ADF contents, while ash, CP, DMD and TT contents were increased.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At EC=12, artichoke CP was 178.3, among the highest reported amounts.
- Taxon
- globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- EC=12e0
- Outcome
- CPe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 178.3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments of EC=12 and EC=16 dS.m−1 produced the highest amount of CP (178.3, 185.1 g/kg DM), DMD (613.2, 636.2g/kg DM) and the lowest content of NDF (598, 585.1g/kg DM) and ADF (393, 3778g/kg DM), respectively.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At EC=16 dS.m−1, artichoke CP was 185.1 g/kg DM, among the highest reported amounts.
- Taxon
- globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- EC=16 dS.m−1e0
- Outcome
- CPe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 185.1 g/kg DMe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments of EC=12 and EC=16 dS.m−1 produced the highest amount of CP (178.3, 185.1 g/kg DM), DMD (613.2, 636.2g/kg DM) and the lowest content of NDF (598, 585.1g/kg DM) and ADF (393, 3778g/kg DM), respectively.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At EC=12, artichoke DMD was 613.2, among the highest reported amounts.
- Taxon
- globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- EC=12e0
- Outcome
- DMDe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 613.2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments of EC=12 and EC=16 dS.m−1 produced the highest amount of CP (178.3, 185.1 g/kg DM), DMD (613.2, 636.2g/kg DM) and the lowest content of NDF (598, 585.1g/kg DM) and ADF (393, 3778g/kg DM), respectively.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At EC=16 dS.m−1, artichoke DMD was 636.2g/kg DM, among the highest reported amounts.
- Taxon
- globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- EC=16 dS.m−1e0
- Outcome
- DMDe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 636.2g/kg DMe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments of EC=12 and EC=16 dS.m−1 produced the highest amount of CP (178.3, 185.1 g/kg DM), DMD (613.2, 636.2g/kg DM) and the lowest content of NDF (598, 585.1g/kg DM) and ADF (393, 3778g/kg DM), respectively.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At EC=12, artichoke NDF was 598, among the lowest reported amounts.
- Taxon
- globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- EC=12e0
- Outcome
- NDFe0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 598e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments of EC=12 and EC=16 dS.m−1 produced the highest amount of CP (178.3, 185.1 g/kg DM), DMD (613.2, 636.2g/kg DM) and the lowest content of NDF (598, 585.1g/kg DM) and ADF (393, 3778g/kg DM), respectively.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At EC=16 dS.m−1, artichoke NDF was 585.1g/kg DM, among the lowest reported amounts.
- Taxon
- globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- EC=16 dS.m−1e0
- Outcome
- NDFe0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 585.1g/kg DMe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments of EC=12 and EC=16 dS.m−1 produced the highest amount of CP (178.3, 185.1 g/kg DM), DMD (613.2, 636.2g/kg DM) and the lowest content of NDF (598, 585.1g/kg DM) and ADF (393, 3778g/kg DM), respectively.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At EC=12, artichoke ADF was 393, among the lowest reported amounts.
- Taxon
- globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- EC=12e0
- Outcome
- ADFe0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 393e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments of EC=12 and EC=16 dS.m−1 produced the highest amount of CP (178.3, 185.1 g/kg DM), DMD (613.2, 636.2g/kg DM) and the lowest content of NDF (598, 585.1g/kg DM) and ADF (393, 3778g/kg DM), respectively.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At EC=16 dS.m−1, artichoke ADF was 3778g/kg DM, among the lowest reported amounts.
- Taxon
- globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- EC=16 dS.m−1e0
- Outcome
- ADFe0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 3778g/kg DMe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments of EC=12 and EC=16 dS.m−1 produced the highest amount of CP (178.3, 185.1 g/kg DM), DMD (613.2, 636.2g/kg DM) and the lowest content of NDF (598, 585.1g/kg DM) and ADF (393, 3778g/kg DM), respectively.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tannin content was lowest at EC=4 dS.m−1, at 28.2g/kg DM.
- Taxon
- globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- EC=4 dS.m−1e0
- Outcome
- tannin contente0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 28.2g/kg DMe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest tannin content (28.2g/kg DM) was observed in EC=4 dS.m−1 and there was no significant difference between the treatments of EC=8 and EC=12 dS.m−1.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tannin content did not differ significantly between EC=8 and EC=12 dS.m−1.
- Taxon
- globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- EC=8e0
- Outcome
- tannin contente0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- EC=12 dS.m−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest tannin content (28.2g/kg DM) was observed in EC=4 dS.m−1 and there was no significant difference between the treatments of EC=8 and EC=12 dS.m−1.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity decreased artichoke yield.
- Taxon
- globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- increasing salinitye0
- Outcome
- plant yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Generally, results showed that although increasing salinity decreased plant yield, it could increase forage quality characteristics.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity could improve artichoke forage quality characteristics.
- Taxon
- globe artichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- increasing salinitye0
- Outcome
- forage quality characteristicse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Generally, results showed that although increasing salinity decreased plant yield, it could increase forage quality characteristics.”
t0“globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.)”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · yield · Cynara cardunculus (cardoon)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.