Abstract
Abstract With improved crop yields and reduced atmospheric S deposition, Mid‐South U.S. soils may require S fertilization in deficient soils. The objectives of this study were to identify optimal at‐planting S rate for corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield, and evaluate the impact of S rate on crop growth, leaf nutrient level, and seed S. Small plot replicated field studies were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at a S‐deficient site in Milan, TN. Ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] was broadcast applied at planting at 0, 10, 20, and 30 lb S acre –1 . Soybean leaf S concentration at early bloom was similar to the zero S control, but concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Cu were reduced, and Zn was increased. These effects increased with S rate. Corn leaf tissue S concentration increased with S rate at sixth‐leaf and silking, while Fe, Mn, and Cu decreased as S rate increased, similar to the soybean experiment. Soybean seed S level increased with rate of S, while corn seed S increased with lowest S rate but did not respond to S rate. Seed N and seed weight were not affected by S rate for either crop. The small increase in soybean yield was not significant. Corn yield increased with applied S in both years. Overall, application of S fertilizer at ≥10 lb S acre –1 improved corn but not soybean yield in a low soil organic matter (SOM), S deficient medium‐textured soil.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean leaf S concentration at early bloom was similar to the zero-S control after ammonium sulfate application.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Treatment
- Ammonium sulfatee2
- Outcome
- S concentratione1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- zero S controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Soybean leaf S concentration at early bloom was similar to the zero S control”
e2“Ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] was broadcast applied at planting at 0, 10, 20, and 30 lb S acre –1”
t0“Corn and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean leaf Fe, Mn and Cu concentrations were reduced by S application, more so at higher S rates.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ammonium sulfatee2
- Outcome
- concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Cue3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- increased with S ratee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“but concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Cu were reduced”
e2“Ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] was broadcast applied at planting at 0, 10, 20, and 30 lb S acre –1”
e4“These effects increased with S rate”
t0“Corn and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean leaf Zn concentration was increased by S application, more so at higher S rates.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Ammonium sulfatee2
- Outcome
- Zne5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- increased with S ratee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“and Zn was increased”
e2“Ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] was broadcast applied at planting at 0, 10, 20, and 30 lb S acre –1”
e4“These effects increased with S rate”
t0“Corn and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn leaf tissue S concentration increased with S rate.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Organ / stage
- leaf tissuee6
- Treatment
- S ratee6
- Outcome
- S concentratione6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Corn leaf tissue S concentration increased with S rate”
t0“Corn and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn leaf Fe, Mn and Cu decreased as S rate increased.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- S ratee7
- Outcome
- Fe, Mn, and Cue7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“while Fe, Mn, and Cu decreased as S rate increased”
t0“Corn and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn seed S increased with the lowest S rate.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Treatment
- S ratee0
- Outcome
- seed Se0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- with lowest S ratee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while corn seed S increased with lowest S rate but did not respond to S rate”
t0“Corn and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn seed S did not respond to S rate beyond the lowest rate.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Treatment
- S ratee0
- Outcome
- seed Se0
- Direction
- did not responde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while corn seed S increased with lowest S rate but did not respond to S rate”
t0“Corn and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean seed S level increased with rate of S.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- seede1
- Treatment
- rate of Se1
- Outcome
- S levele1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Soybean seed S level increased with rate of S”
t0“Corn and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed N and seed weight were not affected by S rate in either corn or soybean.
- Taxon
- Corn and soybeanGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- Seede2
- Treatment
- S ratee2
- Outcome
- Seed N and seed weighte2
- Direction
- not affectede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Seed N and seed weight were not affected by S rate for either crop”
t0“Corn and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The small increase in soybean yield with S application was not significant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe3
- Treatment
- Ammonium sulfatee2
- Outcome
- soybean yielde3
- Direction
- increasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The small increase in soybean yield was not significant”
e2“Ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] was broadcast applied at planting at 0, 10, 20, and 30 lb S acre –1”
t0“Corn and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield increased with applied S in both years.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse4
- Treatment
- applied Se4
- Outcome
- Corn yielde4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- in both yearse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Corn yield increased with applied S in both years”
t0“Corn and soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying S fertilizer at 10 lb S/acre or more improved corn yield in a low-SOM, S-deficient soil.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse5
- Treatment
- application of S fertilizer at ≥10 lb S acre –1e5
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Qualifier
- low soil organic mattere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“application of S fertilizer at ≥10 lb S acre –1 improved corn but not soybean yield in a low soil organic matter (SOM)”
t0“Corn and soybean”
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